linux之grep常见用法

 Linux系统中grep命令是一种强大的文本搜索工具，它能使用正则表达式搜索文本，并把匹 配的行打印出来。grep全称是Global Regular Expression Print，表示全局正则表达式版本，它的使用权限是所有用户。

-A 数字N      找到所有的匹配行，并显示匹配行后N行 

-B 数字N     找到所有的匹配行，并显示匹配行前面N行

-c                显示与之匹配的行数

-m 数字N    最多匹配后面N项

-i                忽略大小写

[root@node1 abang]# cat hello1
b124230
b034325
a081016
a022021
a061048
[root@node1 abang]# cat hello1 |grep -A 2 b034325
b034325
a081016
a022021
[root@node1 abang]# cat hello1 |grep -B 3 a061048
b034325
a081016
a022021
a061048
[root@node1 abang]# cat hello1 |grep -c a0
3
[root@node1 abang]# cat hello1 |grep -m 2 a0
a081016
a022021
[root@node1 abang]#cat hello1 |grep -i A022021
a022021

反向查找，通过"-v"参数可以打印出不符合条件行的内容

cat yum/version-groups.conf |grep -v '#'

[root@node1 etc]# cat yum/version-groups.conf
#  This file allows you to create "groups" of package names, which are used by
# the version command.

[yum]
#  These are the top level things to do with yum, we don't list Eg. libselinux
# even though that's require by rpm(-libs).
run_with_packages = true
pkglist = glibc, sqlite, libcurl, nss,
          yum-metadata-parser,
          rpm, rpm-libs, rpm-python,
          python,
          python-iniparse, python-urlgrabber, python-pycurl
[root@node1 etc]# cat yum/version-groups.conf |grep -v '#'

[yum]
run_with_packages = true
pkglist = glibc, sqlite, libcurl, nss,
          yum-metadata-parser,
          rpm, rpm-libs, rpm-python,
          python,
          python-iniparse, python-urlgrabber, python-pycurl
[root@node1 etc]#

以递归的方式查找符合条件的文件。例如，查找指定目录/etc/yum及其子目录（如果存在子目录的话）下所有文件中包含字符串"yum-metadata-parser"的文件，并打印出该字符串所在行的内容，在/etc目录下使用的命令为：

grep -r yum-metadata-parser ./

[root@node1 etc]# cat yum/version-groups.conf
#  This file allows you to create "groups" of package names, which are used by
# the version command.

[yum]
#  These are the top level things to do with yum, we don't list Eg. libselinux
# even though that's require by rpm(-libs).
run_with_packages = true
pkglist = glibc, sqlite, libcurl, nss,
          yum-metadata-parser,
          rpm, rpm-libs, rpm-python,
          python,
          python-iniparse, python-urlgrabber, python-pycurl
[root@node1 etc]# grep -r yum-metadata-parser ./
./yum/version-groups.conf:          yum-metadata-parser,
[root@node1 etc]#