使用python批量压缩图片文件

一、项目需求

图片太大，导致word文档占用太多内存卡死，需要通过压缩来减小文件的体积。

二、python实现代码

以下代码用于批量压缩png/jpg格式的图片文件，遇到报错就使用pip大法安装一下对应的类库就可以了。

dynamic_quality.py

import PIL.Image
from math import log
from SSIM_PIL import compare_ssim


def get_ssim_at_quality(photo, quality):
    """Return the ssim for this JPEG image saved at the specified quality"""
    ssim_photo = "tmp.jpg"
    # optimize is omitted here as it doesn't affect
    # quality but requires additional memory and cpu
    photo.save(ssim_photo, format="JPEG", quality=quality, progressive=True)
    ssim_score = compare_ssim(photo, PIL.Image.open(ssim_photo))
    return ssim_score


def _ssim_iteration_count(lo, hi):
    """Return the depth of the binary search tree for this range"""
    if lo >= hi:
        return 0
    else:
        return int(log(hi - lo, 2)) + 1


def jpeg_dynamic_quality(original_photo):
    """Return an integer representing the quality that this JPEG image should be
    saved at to attain the quality threshold specified for this photo class.

    Args:
        original_photo - a prepared PIL JPEG image (only JPEG is supported)
    """
    ssim_goal = 0.9 #the original value is 0.95
    hi = 35 #the original value is 85
    lo = 30 #the original value is 80

    # working on a smaller size image doesn't give worse results but is faster
    # changing this value requires updating the calculated thresholds
    photo = original_photo.resize((200, 200))

    # if not _should_use_dynamic_quality():
    #     default_ssim = get_ssim_at_quality(photo, hi)
    #     return hi, default_ssim

    # 95 is the highest useful value for JPEG. Higher values cause different behavior
    # Used to establish the image's intrinsic ssim without encoder artifacts
    normalized_ssim = get_ssim_at_quality(photo, 10)
    selected_quality = selected_ssim = None

    # loop bisection. ssim function increases monotonically so this will converge
    for i in range(_ssim_iteration_count(lo, hi)):
        curr_quality = (lo + hi) // 2
        curr_ssim = get_ssim_at_quality(photo, curr_quality)
        ssim_ratio = curr_ssim / normalized_ssim

        if ssim_ratio >= ssim_goal:
            # continue to check whether a lower quality level also exceeds the goal
            selected_quality = curr_quality
            selected_ssim = curr_ssim
            hi = curr_quality
        else:
            lo = curr_quality

    if selected_quality:
        return selected_quality, selected_ssim
    else:
        default_ssim = get_ssim_at_quality(photo, hi)
        return hi, default_ssim

cpressJPG.py

from PIL import Image
import dynamic_quality
def compress(filename,originpath,targetpath):
    name = filename.rstrip('.png').rstrip('.jpg')
    im = Image.open(originpath+filename)
    # print(im.format,im.size,im.mode)
    im = im.convert('RGB')
    im.format = "JPEG"
    new_photo = im.copy()
    new_photo.thumbnail(im.size,resample=Image.ANTIALIAS)
    save_args = {'format':im.format}
    # print(save_args)
    # if im.format=='JPEG':
    # save_args['quality']=20
    save_args['quality'],value=dynamic_quality.jpeg_dynamic_quality(im)
    save_args['optimize']=True
    save_args['progressive=True']=True
    # print("JPEG Quality Changed")
    # elif im.format=='PNG':
    #     save_args['format']='JPEG'
    #     save_args['quality']=5
    #     print("PNG Quality Changed")
    new_photo.save(targetpath+name+".jpg",**save_args)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import os
    originpath = "./images/png/"
    targetpath = "./images/test/"
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(originpath):
        for file in files:
            compress(file,originpath,targetpath)

三、实现效果

压缩之前1176KB：

压缩之后54KB：

最终的图片结果是差不多的：

再细致一点，我们比较jpg压缩前后的大小如下，可以得出以下结论：
从png格式转换到jpg格式，大小压缩了10倍；
降低jpg格式前后，大小压缩了3倍；

四、参考文献

1.使用python对图片进行批量压缩 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/161274600