九、Hibernate检索策略 —— Lazy、batch-size、Fetch

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-09 15:10:10 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-09 15:10:10 发布

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分类专栏： Hibernate4

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41866744/article/details/86704209

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类级别的检索策略：

无论元素的 lazy 属性是 true 还是 false, Session 的 get() 方法及 Query 的 list() 方法在类级别总是使用立即检索策略；

若元素的 lazy 属性为 true 或取默认值, Session 的 load() 方法不会执行查询数据表的 SELECT 语句, 仅返回代理类对象的实例, 该代理类实例有如下特征：

由 Hibernate 在运行时采用 CGLIB 工具动态生成
Hibernate 创建代理类实例时, 仅初始化其 OID 属性
在应用程序第一次访问代理类实例的非 OID 属性时, Hibernate 会初始化代理类实例

1.类级别的检索策略,一般就是用懒加载,(懒加载在用load函数加载的时候,只会用oid来填充代理类,只有使用其他的属性的时候,才会发送sql查询语句,用查询结果来填充代理类对象)

检索策略属性 Lazy

Lazy:true (默认) 延迟检索；set 端一对多
Lazy:false 立即检索；set 端一对多
Lazy:extra 增强延迟检索； set 端一对多
Lazy:proxy(默认) 延迟检索；many-to-one 多对一
Lazy:no-proxy 无代理延迟检索；many-to-one 多对一 (需要编译时字节码增强)

举例：班级学生

Class：

package com.tao.entity;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Class {
	
	private Integer classId;
	private String ClaaName;
	private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();
	
	public Integer getClassId() {
		return classId;
	}
	public void setClassId(Integer classId) {
		this.classId = classId;
	}
	public String getClaaName() {
		return ClaaName;
	}
	public void setClaaName(String claaName) {
		ClaaName = claaName;
	}
	public Set<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}
	public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}
	
}

Student：

package com.tao.entity;

public class Student {
	
	private Integer studentId;
	private String studentName;
	private Class c;
	
	public Integer getStudentId() {
		return studentId;
	}
	public void setStudentId(Integer studentId) {
		this.studentId = studentId;
	}
	public String getStudentName() {
		return studentName;
	}
	public void setStudentName(String studentName) {
		this.studentName = studentName;
	}
	public Class getC() {
		return c;
	}
	public void setC(Class c) {
		this.c = c;
	}
	
}

Class.hbm.xml：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.tao.entity">
	<class name="Class">
		<id name="classId" column="class_id">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		
		<property name="ClaaName" column="class_name"></property>
		<set name="students" cascade="all" inverse="true">
			<key column="c_id"></key>
			<one-to-many class="com.tao.entity.Student"/>
		</set>
	
	</class>	
	

</hibernate-mapping>

Student.hbm.xml：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.tao.entity">
	<class name="Student">
		<id name="studentId" column="student_id">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="studentName" column="student_name" length="50"></property>
		
		<many-to-one name="c" column="c_id" class="com.tao.entity.Class" cascade="all"></many-to-one>
	
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

hibernate.cfg.xml:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<!-- Hibernate 核心配置文件 -->
<hibernate-configuration>
	
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 配置关于数据库连接的四个项：driverClass  url username password -->
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">root</property>
        
       <!-- 方言 -->
	   <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
	
	   <!-- 控制台显示SQL -->
	   <property name="show_sql">true</property>
	
	   <!-- 自动更新表结构 -->
	   <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
	   
	   <!-- 引入的映射文件 -->
	   <mapping resource="com/tao/entity/Class.hbm.xml"/>
	   <mapping resource="com/tao/entity/Student.hbm.xml"/>
	   
	</session-factory>
	
</hibernate-configuration>

TestLay:

package com.tao.service;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.tao.entity.*;
import com.tao.entity.Class;
import com.tao.util.HibernateUtil;

public class TestLay {
	
	SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
	private Session session;

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
    
    @Test
	public void testOne2MantSave() throws Exception {
		Class class1 = new Class();
		class1.setClaaName("精英班");
		Student student1 = new Student();
		student1.setStudentName("孔明");
		student1.setC(class1);
		Student student2 = new Student();
		student2.setStudentName("子房");
		student2.setC(class1);
		
		session.save(student1);
		session.save(student2);
	}

    @Test
	public void testQueryOne2Many() throws Exception {
		List<Class> list = session.createQuery("from Class").list();
		Iterator<Class> iterator = list.iterator();
		while(iterator.hasNext()){
			Class next = iterator.next();
			Set<Student> students = next.getStudents();
			for(Student s:students){
				System.out.println(next.getClaaName()+"学生:"+s.getStudentName());
			}
		}
	}

}

console:

Hibernate: select class0_.class_id as class_id1_0_, class0_.class_name as class_na2_0_ from Class class0_
Hibernate: select students0_.c_id as c_id3_0_0_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_0_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_1_, students0_.student_name as student_2_1_1_, students0_.c_id as c_id3_1_1_ from Student students0_ where students0_.c_id=?
精英班学生:子房
精英班学生:孔明
Hibernate: select students0_.c_id as c_id3_0_0_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_0_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_1_, students0_.student_name as student_2_1_1_, students0_.c_id as c_id3_1_1_ from Student students0_ where students0_.c_id=?
培优班学生:李斯
培优班学生:管仲
Hibernate: select students0_.c_id as c_id3_0_0_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_0_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_1_, students0_.student_name as student_2_1_1_, students0_.c_id as c_id3_1_1_ from Student students0_ where students0_.c_id=?

基本的准备工作都搭建好了，现在我们来测试一下懒加载。

延迟检索用到的时候再去查 lazy="true" set端一对多

级联数据不会先获取

先在Class.hbm.xml里加上 lazy="true",然后进行测试：
@Test
	public void testLazyTrue() throws Exception {
		Class class1 = (Class) session.get(Class.class, 1);
		Set<Student> studentsList = class1.getStudents();
//		studentsList.iterator();
	}
当注掉最后一句时，控制台只会查班级相关数据，把最后一句放开，遍历student数据，才会发出第二条sql去数据库查询，这就是延迟获取。

立即检索把级联数据也获取到 lazy="false" set端一对多
@Test
	public void testLazyFalse() throws Exception {
		Class class1 = (Class) session.get(Class.class, 1);
	}
控制台会把Class 数据和 Student数据都查出来发出两条SQL。

Lazy:extra 增强延迟检索(聪明的检索)：set 端一对多

即调用集合的size/contains等方法的时候，hibernate并不会去加载整个集合的数据，而是发出一条聪明的SQL语句，以便获得需要的值，只有在真正需要用到这些集合元素对象数据的时候，才去发出查询语句加载所有对象的数据。

当lazy="true"时，执行方法，控制台会打印出两条sql,把Student整个内容进行查询。
@Test
	public void testLazyExtra() throws Exception {
		Class class1 = (Class) session.get(Class.class, 1);
		Set<Student> studentsList = class1.getStudents();
		System.out.println(studentsList.size());
		//studentsList.iterator();
	}
但是如果设置成 Lazy="extra",再执行上述方法：看控制台实质上是用count函数来执行。而不去加载全部的student数据，这也是一种延迟策略。

Lazy:proxy(默认) 延迟检索 many-to-one 多对一

在查多的一方时，对应的一的一方为代理类，此时不会查询代理类的内容，当需要访问代理类自身的东西时，再去查。
@Test
	public void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
		Student student = (Student) session.get(Student.class, 1);
		student.getC().getClaaName();
	}

Lazy:no-proxy 无代理延迟检索 many-to-one 多对一 (需要编译时字节码增强)

在eclipse中看来是没区别的也是一个代理类而且如果不做编译时字节码增强和proxy是一样的（了解即可）
@Test
	public void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
		Student student = (Student) session.get(Student.class, 1);
		student.getC().getClaaName();
	}

批量延迟检索当 lazy = true && 设置了 batch-size 在用到关联对象时默认会根据batch-size值来查询
@Test
	public void testBatch1() throws Exception {
		List<Class> classList = session.createQuery("from Class").list();
		Iterator<Class> it = classList.iterator();
		Class c1 = it.next();
		Class c2 = it.next();
		Class c3 = it.next();
		c1.getStudents().iterator();
		c2.getStudents().iterator();
		c3.getStudents().iterator();
	}
执行上述方法，看console 先查班级，然后再用到学生数据时每个班学生会发一条SQL去查

我们设置一下batch-size = "3"

再执行上述方法会变成一条语句因为我们还用了懒加载所以只会在用到的时候去查这就是批量延迟检索

批量立即检索 lazy = false 就不会延迟，会根据设置的batch-size 一次性把关联对象也查询出来

这种情况和上面整好相反，就是不用懒加载
@Test
	public void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
		Student student = (Student) session.get(Student.class, 1);
		student.getC().getClaaName();
	}
我们设置 lazy = false 然后执行下面的方法，看console 会立即把学生对应数据给批量查出来

Fetch:select(默认) 查询方式会先查班级然后通过班级去每个班级学生

执行下面的方法：

@Test
	public void testFetch1() throws Exception {
		List<Class> classList = session.createQuery("from Class").list();
		Iterator<Class> it = classList.iterator();
		Class c1 = it.next();
		Class c2 = it.next();
		Class c3 = it.next();
		c1.getStudents().iterator();
		c2.getStudents().iterator();
		c3.getStudents().iterator();
	}

看console 和批量立即检索没什么区别：

INFO: HHH000126: Indexes: [fk_swj9e42aicxndumd3odiux122, primary]
一月 31, 2019 1:47:24 下午 org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate execute
INFO: HHH000232: Schema update complete
Hibernate: select class0_.class_id as class_id1_0_, class0_.class_name as class_na2_0_ from Class class0_
Hibernate: select students0_.c_id as c_id3_0_1_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_1_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_0_, students0_.student_name as student_2_1_0_, students0_.c_id as c_id3_1_0_ from Student students0_ where students0_.c_id in (?, ?, ?)

我们把这边的 fetch = "subselect" 设置一下,

然后继续执行上述方法，再看控制台打印的SQL:

INFO: HHH000232: Schema update complete
Hibernate: select class0_.class_id as class_id1_0_, class0_.class_name as class_na2_0_ from Class class0_
Hibernate: select students0_.c_id as c_id3_0_1_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_1_, students0_.student_id as student_1_1_0_, students0_.student_name as student_2_1_0_, students0_.c_id as c_id3_1_0_ from Student students0_ where students0_.c_id in (select class0_.class_id from Class class0_)

发现用了子查询，在某些情况下使用子查询，效率是会提高的

"fetch" = "join" 使用外连接查询

我们先把fetch 改回默认的 fetch= "select" ,然后执行一下测试方法：
@Test
	public void testFetch2() throws Exception {
		Class class1 = (Class) session.get(Class.class, 1);
	}
看console:

get 是直接去数据库查且会把关联对象数据也查出来所以此处如果默认的fetch = "select" 就应该是两条数据.

现在我们把fetch 设置成 "fetch" = "join" ，再执行刚刚的测试方法：

则会使用左外连接用一条sql查询出来减少多次查询。