Python入门5

类和对象：

                       类和对象：属性的引用和实例化

                       属性引用使用和 Python 中所有的属性引用一样的标准语法：obj.name

                             类对象创建后，类命名空间中所有的命名都是有效属姓名

面向对象的三大特征：继承，封装，多态

                      继承：子类继承父类，子类可以调用父类的方法和属性。

                                 子类对象，先初始化父类对象。父类如果有_init_()此方法时候，含有属性，需要

                                 通过子类的构造赋值。（父类中的_init_（）方法，默认为（self））

                       子类给父类传参的四种方法：

                                  父类.属性,或

                                  self.属性

                                  父类.__init__(self,参数)

                                   super(父类,self).__init__(参数)四种方法给父类传参

                         调用父类方法时：super().父类方法()

                         三代继承：子类，父类，祖父类。

                          构造方法：

                                        类名.mso用于调用父类的位置

                                            def _new_(cls,*,**):

　　                                            print()

　　                                            return object._new_(cls)

                            

                          类方法：@classmethod需要参数 例如构造方法

                          静态方法：@staticmethod没有参数 和类.对象没有关系

                          多继承：

                                      一个子类能继承多个父类。

                           类的专有方法：

                                               __init__ : 构造函数，在生成对象时调用

                                                            __del__ :  析构函数，释放对象时使用

                                                            __repr__ : 打印，转换

                                                            __setitem__ : 按照索引赋值

                                                            __getitem__: 按照索引获取值

                                                            __len__: 获得长度

                                                            __cmp__: 比较运算

                                                            __call__: 函数调用

                                                            __add__: 加运算

                                                            __sub__: 减运算

                                                            __mul__: 乘运算

                                                            __div__: 除运算

                                                            __mod__: 求余运算

                                                            __pow__: 乘方

                                     

                        异常处理和写

                                    try:

　　                                     语句

                                    except 异常类型 as 别名:

　　                                       语句

                                    else：

　　                                        无异常则执行

                                    finally:

　　                                            语句

                        运用else,一般和break一起使用

                                    flag=False

                                         for i in range(1,11):

　　                                        if i%3==0:

　　　　                                        flag=True

　　　　                                        print(i)

　　　　                                        break

　　                                        else:

　　　　                                        print("没有被整除的")