232. 用栈实现队列

232. 用栈实现队列

请你仅使用两个栈实现先入先出队列。队列应当支持一般队列的支持的所有操作（push、pop、peek、empty：

实现 MyQueue 类：

void push(int x) 将元素 x 推到队列的末尾
int pop() 从队列的开头移除并返回元素
int peek() 返回队列开头的元素
boolean empty() 如果队列为空，返回 true ；否则，返回 false

说明：

你只能使用标准的栈操作 —— 也就是只有 push to top, peek/pop from top, size, 和 is empty 操作是合法的。
你所使用的语言也许不支持栈。你可以使用list或者 deque（双端队列）来模拟一个栈，只要是标准的栈操作即可。

进阶：

你能否实现每个操作均摊时间复杂度为 O(1)的队列？换句话说，执行 n 个操作的总时间复杂度为 O(n)，即使其中一个操作可能花费较长时间。

示例：

输入：
["MyQueue", "push", "push", "peek", "pop", "empty"] [[], [1], [2], [], [], []]
输出：
[null, null, null, 1, 1, false]

解释：

MyQueue myQueue = new MyQueue();
myQueue.push(1); // queue is: [1]
myQueue.push(2); // queue is: [1, 2] (leftmost is front of the queue)
myQueue.peek(); // return 1
myQueue.pop(); // return 1, queue is [2]
myQueue.empty(); // return false

思路

每次pop 或 peek 时，若输出栈为空则将输入栈的全部数据依次弹出并压入输出栈，这样输出栈从栈顶往栈底的顺序就是队列从队首往队尾的顺序。

class MyQueue {
    Deque<Integer> inStack;
    Deque<Integer> outStack;
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public MyQueue() {
        inStack = new LinkedList<Integer>();
        outStack = new LinkedList<Integer>();
    }
    
    /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
    public void push(int x) {
        inStack.push(x);
    }
    
    /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
    public int pop() {
        if (outStack.isEmpty()) {
            in2out();
        }
        return outStack.pop();
    }
    
    /** Get the front element. */
    public int peek() {
        if (outStack.isEmpty()) {
            in2out();
        }
        return outStack.peek();
    }
    
    /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
    public boolean empty() {
        return inStack.isEmpty() && outStack.isEmpty();
    }

    private void in2out() {
        while(!inStack.isEmpty()) {
            outStack.push(inStack.pop());
        }
    }
}    


/**
 * Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyQueue obj = new MyQueue();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.peek();
 * boolean param_4 = obj.empty();
 */

class MyQueue {
    private Stack<Integer> a;
    private Stack<Integer> b;
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public MyQueue() {
        a = new Stack<>();
        b = new Stack<>();
    }
    
    /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
    public void push(int x) {
        a.push(x);
    }
    
    /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
    public int pop() {
        if(b.isEmpty()){
            while(!a.isEmpty()){
                b.push(a.pop());
            }
        }
        return b.pop();
    }
    
    /** Get the front element. */
    public int peek() {
        if(b.isEmpty()){
            while(!a.isEmpty()){
                b.push(a.pop());
            }
        }
        return b.peek();
    }
    
    /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
    public boolean empty() {
        return a.isEmpty() && b.isEmpty();
    }
}

/**
 * Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyQueue obj = new MyQueue();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.peek();
 * boolean param_4 = obj.empty();
 */

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