6. ZigZag Conversion(constructive algorithms，图像规律或者等差数列解)

6. ZigZag Conversion

The string “PAYPALISHIRING” is written in a zigzag pattern on a given number of rows like this: (you may want to display this pattern in a fixed font for better legibility)

P   A   H   N
A P L S I I G
Y   I   R

And then read line by line: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"

Write the code that will take a string and make this conversion given a number of rows:

string convert(string s, int numRows);

Example 1:

Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 3
Output: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"

Example 2:

Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 4
Output: "PINALSIGYAHRPI"
Explanation:
P     I    N
A   L S  I G
Y A   H R
P     I

Example 3:

Input: s = "A", numRows = 1
Output: "A"

• 如果 down 为 true，则 loc += 1，字符串数组下标向后移动，将当前字符加入当前字符串中
• 如果 down 为 false，则表示向右，则 loc -= 1，字符串数组下标向前移动，将当前字符加入当前字符串中

class Solution {
    public String convert(String s, int numRows) {
        if (numRows == 1) return s;
        int len = Math.min(s.length(), numRows);
        String[] rows= new String[len];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) rows[i] = "";
        int loc = 0;
        boolean down = false;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            rows[loc] += s.substring(i, i + 1);
            if (loc == 0 || loc == numRows - 1)
                down = !down;
            loc += down ? 1 : -1;
        }
        
        String ans = "";
        for (String row : rows) {
            ans += row;
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

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