java Optional类

类作用

Optional作为处理空指针的类，主要用途是作为一种返回类型，在获得该类型的一个实例后，如果存在值，可以提取该值;如果不存在值，可以设置一个默认值。

常用写法

public class OptionalTest {

    /**
     * 测试Optional of()、ofNullable()
     */
    private static void test1(){
//        User user = null;
        User user = new User("tom",23);
        //of()当对象为空时会抛出异常,可以使用ofNullable()
        Optional<User> userOptional = Optional.ofNullable(user);
        //判断当前对象是否不为空
        System.out.println(userOptional.isPresent());
        //获取对象的值
        System.out.println(userOptional.get().getName());
    }

    /**
     * orElseThrow（）:对象为空时设置抛出异常
     */
    private static void test2(){
//        User user = null;
        User user = new User("tom",23);
        User userOptional = Optional.ofNullable(user)
                .orElseThrow( () -> new IllegalArgumentException());
    }

    /**
     * orElseGet()：对象为空时设置默认值
     */
    private static void test3(){
        User user = null;
//        User user = new User("tom",23);
        User userOptional = Optional.ofNullable(user)
                .orElseGet(() -> new User("default",23));
        System.out.println(userOptional);
    }

    /**
     * 对值进行转换
     * Map()返回Optional中经过封装的结果,
     * 使我们可以在后续附加一些操作,比如orElse()
     */
    private static void test4(){
        User user = null;
    //    User user = new User("tom",23);
        String name = Optional.ofNullable(user)
                .map(u -> u.getName()).orElse("jack");
        System.out.println(name);
    }

    /**
     * 过滤操作
     * 保留大于20岁的用户
     */
    private static void test5(){
//        User user = new User("tom",23);
//        User result = Optional.ofNullable(user)
//                .filter(u -> u.getAge() > 20)
//                .orElseGet(() -> new User("default",30));
//        System.out.println(result.getName());

        //处理list
        User user = new User("tom",33);
        User user1 = new User("marry",13);
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        userList.add(user);
        userList.add(user1);
        List<User> userAgeLess20 = userList.stream()
                .filter(u -> u.getAge() < 20)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(userAgeLess20);

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test1();
        test2();
        test3();
        test4();
        test5();
    }
}

User Bean类

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/63830b7cb743