golang slice 是 struct 类型，作为参数传递时要传地址

总结：slice 为结构体类型，go 传参都是值传递，跨函数传递 slice 时，要传变量的地址，不能直接传递变量值，因为除了 len 会变，遇到扩容时，还会新建底层数组。

先看下 slice 的定义

type slice struct {
	array unsafe.Pointer
	len   int
	cap   int
}

slice 是一个 struct，包含 array，len，cap 三个属性，其中 array 为 unsafe.Pointer 类型，且是 struct 的第一个属性，所以 array 的地址即为该 struct 的地址

dat := make([]int, 6)

上面的代码定义了一个 []int 类型的变量 dat，dat 是一个引用类型，指向底层数组的地址，其实我们要把 dat 看成一个 struct 类型，因为 len 和 cap 能影响 dat，看下面的代码

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"
)

func fnA() {
	dat0 := make([]int,6, 10)
	dat := dat0[0:5]
	dat[0] = 111
	fmt.Printf("at fnA before fnB(dat) dat value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat, len(dat))
	fmt.Printf("at fnA before fnB(dat) dat0 value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat0, len(dat0))
	fmt.Printf("at fnA before fnB(dat) dat addr is %p, var addr %p \n", dat, &dat)
	fnB(dat)
	fmt.Printf("at fnA after fnB(dat) dat addr is %p, var addr %p \n", dat, &dat)
	fmt.Printf("at fnA after fnB(dat) dat value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat, len(dat))
	fmt.Printf("at fnA after fnB(dat) dat0 value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat0, len(dat0))
}

func fnB(a []int) {
	fmt.Printf("at fnb before update a : %v, len(a) = %d \n", a, len(a))
	a[0]=200
	fmt.Printf("at fnb after update a : %v, len(a) = %d \n", a, len(a))
	fmt.Printf("at fnb before append a addr is %p, var addr %p \n", a, &a)
	a = append(a, 120)
	fmt.Printf("at fnb after append a addr is %p, var addr %p \n", a, &a)
	fmt.Printf("at fnb after append a : %v, len(a) = %d \n", a, len(a))
}

func TestPermute(t *testing.T){
	fnA()
}

=== RUN   TestPermute
at fnA before fnB(dat) dat value is [111 0 0 0 0], len(dat) = 5 
at fnA before fnB(dat) dat0 value is [111 0 0 0 0 0], len(dat) = 6 
at fnA before fnB(dat) dat addr is 0xc0000220a0, var addr 0xc00000c0c0 
at fnb before update a : [111 0 0 0 0], len(a) = 5 
at fnb after update a : [200 0 0 0 0], len(a) = 5 
at fnb before append a addr is 0xc0000220a0, var addr 0xc00000c140 
at fnb after append a addr is 0xc0000220a0, var addr 0xc00000c140 
at fnb after append a : [200 0 0 0 0 120], len(a) = 6 
at fnA after fnB(dat) dat addr is 0xc0000220a0, var addr 0xc00000c0c0 
at fnA after fnB(dat) dat value is [200 0 0 0 0], len(dat) = 5 
at fnA after fnB(dat) dat0 value is [200 0 0 0 0 120], len(dat) = 6 
--- PASS: TestPermute (0.00s)
PASS

由于 golang 是值传递，所以 fnB(dat) 会创建一个新的 struct，这个可以从 &dat 与 &a 的值不同，以及 a 的 len 也没有传递给 dat 看出来。如果把 dat0 := make([]int,6, 10) 改为 dat0 := make([]int,0)，可以看出底层数组也会改变

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"
)

func fnA() {
	//dat0 := make([]int,6, 10)
	//dat0 := make([]int,0)
	//dat := dat0[0:5]
	dat := make([]int,0)
	//dat[0] = 111
	fmt.Printf("at fnA before fnB(dat) dat value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat, len(dat))
	//fmt.Printf("at fnA before fnB(dat) dat0 value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat0, len(dat0))
	fmt.Printf("at fnA before fnB(dat) dat addr is %p, var addr %p \n", dat, &dat)
	fnB(dat)
	fmt.Printf("at fnA after fnB(dat) dat addr is %p, var addr %p \n", dat, &dat)
	fmt.Printf("at fnA after fnB(dat) dat value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat, len(dat))
	//fmt.Printf("at fnA after fnB(dat) dat0 value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat0, len(dat0))
}

func fnB(a []int) {
	fmt.Printf("at fnb before update a : %v, len(a) = %d \n", a, len(a))
	//a[0]=200
	fmt.Printf("at fnb after update a : %v, len(a) = %d \n", a, len(a))
	fmt.Printf("at fnb before append a addr is %p, var addr %p \n", a, &a)
	a = append(a, 120)
	fmt.Printf("at fnb after append a addr is %p, var addr %p \n", a, &a)
	fmt.Printf("at fnb after append a : %v, len(a) = %d \n", a, len(a))
}

func TestPermute(t *testing.T){
	fnA()
}

=== RUN   TestPermute
at fnA before fnB(dat) dat value is [], len(dat) = 0 
at fnA before fnB(dat) dat addr is 0x6520a8, var addr 0xc00000c0c0 
at fnb before update a : [], len(a) = 0 
at fnb after update a : [], len(a) = 0 
at fnb before append a addr is 0x6520a8, var addr 0xc00000c120 
at fnb after append a addr is 0xc0000202e8, var addr 0xc00000c120 
at fnb after append a : [120], len(a) = 1 
at fnA after fnB(dat) dat addr is 0x6520a8, var addr 0xc00000c0c0 
at fnA after fnB(dat) dat value is [], len(dat) = 0 
--- PASS: TestPermute (0.00s)
PASS

Process finished with exit code 0

换成传地址就能返回想要的结果

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"
)

func fnA() {
	//dat0 := make([]int,6, 10)
	//dat0 := make([]int,0)
	//dat := dat0[0:5]
	dat := make([]int,0)
	//dat[0] = 111
	fmt.Printf("at fnA before fnB(dat) dat value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat, len(dat))
	//fmt.Printf("at fnA before fnB(dat) dat0 value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat0, len(dat0))
	fmt.Printf("at fnA before fnB(dat) dat addr is %p, var addr %p \n", dat, &dat)
	fnB(&dat)
	fmt.Printf("at fnA after fnB(dat) dat addr is %p, var addr %p \n", dat, &dat)
	fmt.Printf("at fnA after fnB(dat) dat value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat, len(dat))
	//fmt.Printf("at fnA after fnB(dat) dat0 value is %v, len(dat) = %d \n", dat0, len(dat0))
}

func fnB(a *[]int) {
	fmt.Printf("at fnb before update a : %v, len(a) = %d \n", *a, len(*a))
	//a[0]=200
	fmt.Printf("at fnb after update a : %v, len(a) = %d \n", *a, len(*a))
	//fmt.Printf("at fnb before append a addr is %p, var addr %p \n", a, &a)
	fmt.Printf("at fnb before append a addr is %p, var addr %p \n", *a, &a)
	*a = append(*a, 120)
	//fmt.Printf("at fnb after append a addr is %p, var addr %p \n", a, &a)
	fmt.Printf("at fnb after append a addr is %p, var addr %p \n", *a, &a)
	fmt.Printf("at fnb after append a : %v, len(a) = %d \n", *a, len(*a))
}

func TestPermute(t *testing.T){
	fnA()
}

=== RUN   TestPermute
at fnA before fnB(dat) dat value is [], len(dat) = 0 
at fnA before fnB(dat) dat addr is 0x6520a8, var addr 0xc00000c0c0 
at fnb before update a : [], len(a) = 0 
at fnb after update a : [], len(a) = 0 
at fnb before append a addr is 0x6520a8, var addr 0xc00000e038 
at fnb after append a addr is 0xc0000202e8, var addr 0xc00000e038 
at fnb after append a : [120], len(a) = 1 
at fnA after fnB(dat) dat addr is 0xc0000202e8, var addr 0xc00000c0c0 
at fnA after fnB(dat) dat value is [120], len(dat) = 1 
--- PASS: TestPermute (0.00s)
PASS

Process finished with exit code 0