编译安装LNMP+redis

##

这一篇是使用源码编译搭建lnmp+redis环境，并且使redis和mysql分布在不同的服务器上

## 安装前准备

#虚拟机版本号 centos7.6
uname -a
#Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jul 29 17:46:05 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison ncurses-devel libxml2-devel autoconf

## 安装nginx

 

    1.wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.3.tar.gz
    2.tar -zxf nginx-1.17.3 -C /usr/local
    3.wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.43/pcre-8.43.tar.gz
    4.wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
    5.wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2s.tar.gz
    7.tar -zxf pcre-8.43.tar.gz -C /usr/local
    8.tar -zxf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz -C /usr/local
    9.tar -zxf openssl-1.0.2s.tar.gz -C /usr/local
    10.cd nginx-1.17.3
    11../configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre-8.43/ --with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib-1.2.11/ --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl-1.0.2s/
    12.make && make install

  
### 操作命令

    1.nginx #启动nginx
    2.nginx -t #测试配置文件是否正确
    3.nginx -s reload #在不停止nginx的情况下，重新加载配置文件
    4.nginx -s stop #关闭nginx

## 安装PHP

   

    1.wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.8.tar.gz
    2.tar -zxf php-7.3.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local
    3.cd php-7.3.8
    4../configure --enable-fpm
    5.make && make install
    6.cp /usr/local/php-7.3.8/php.ini-developmen /usr/local/lib/php.ini
    7.vim /usr/local/lib/php.ini
    8.修改cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
    9.vim /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf
    10.NONE修改为/usr/local

### 修改nginx配置

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME    $fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
            rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=/$1  last;
            break;
        }
    }

    启动php-fpm：/usr/local/bin/php-fpm

## 安装MySQL

### 事前准备
    ---安装cmake

     1.wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.15.2/cmake-3.15.2.tar.gz
     2.tar -zxf cmake-3.15.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local
     3../configure
     4.gmake && gmake install
    ---添加用户和创建安装目录
     1.mkdir -p /application/mysql
     2.mkdir -p /application/mysql/data
     3.mkdir -p /application/mysql/tmp/
     4.mkdir -p /application/mysql/binlog
     5.mkdir -p /application/mysql/logs
     6.groupadd mysql
     7.useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql

### 开始安装

    1.wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.26.tar.gz
    2.wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
    3.tar -zxf mysql-5.7.26.tar.gz -C /usr/local
    4.tar -zxf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/boost
    5.cd mysql-5.7.26
    6.cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql  -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql/data  -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci  -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON  -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled  -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1  -DWITH_DEBUG=0  -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
    7.make && make install

### 配置MySQL系统环境变量

    1.echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
    2.tail -1 /etc/profile
      export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
    3.source /etc/profile
    4.echo $PATH
     /application/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

### 更改MySQL安装目录的属主和属组

      

chown -R mysql:mysql /application/mysql/

  
### 修改my.cnf文件的属主和属组

chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf

    
### 修改my.cnf配置文件   

1.vim /etc/my.cnf

    [client]
    port=3306
    socket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
    default-character-set=utf8

    [mysqld]
    port=3306
    user=mysql
    basedir=/application/mysql
    datadir=/application/mysql/data
    pid-file=/application/mysql/mysqld.pid
    socket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
    tmpdir=/application/mysql/tmp
    character_set_server=utf8
    server-id=1
    max_connections=100
    max_connect_errors=10
    sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
    log-bin=/application/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
    log-error=/application/mysql/logs/mysql_5_7_26.err
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    #isymbolic-links=0
    # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
    # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
    # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
    # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

    #[mysqld_safe]
    #log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
    #pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

    #
    # include all files from the config directory
    #
    !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

    my.cnf文件常用选项详解

    [client]
    #默认连接端口
    port = 3306
    #用于本地连接的socket套接字
    socket = /application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
    #编码
    default-character-set = utf8

    [mysqld]
    #服务端口号，默认3306
    port = 3306
    #mysql启动用户
    user = mysql
    #mysql安装根目录
    basedir = /application/mysql
    #mysql数据文件所在位置
    datadir = /application/mysql/data
    #pid文件所在目录
    pid-file = /application/mysql/mysqld.pid
    #为MySQL客户端程序和服务器之间的本地通讯指定一个套接字文件
    socket = /application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
    #MySQL存放临时文件的目录
    tmpdir = /application/mysql/tmp
    #数据库默认字符集,主流字符集支持一些特殊表情符号(特殊表情符占用4个字节)
    character_set_server = utf8
    #MySQL服务的唯一编号，每个mysql服务Id需唯一
    server-id = 1
    #最大连接数
    max_connections = 100
    #最大错误连接数
    max_connect_errors = 10
    #sql_mode,定义了mysql应该支持的sql语法，数据校验
    #NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION：如果需要的存储引擎被禁用或未编译，可以防止自动替换存储引擎
    #STRICT_TRANS_TABLES：存储引擎启用严格模式，非法数据值被拒绝
    #NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER：禁止GRANT创建密码为空的用户 
    #NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO：默认情况下自增长列是从1开始的，如果你插入值为0的数据会报错，设置这个之后就可以正常插入为0的数据了
    #NO_ZERO_IN_DATE：在严格模式，不接受月或日部分为0的日期
    #NO_ZERO_DATE：在严格模式，不要将 ‘0000-00-00′做为合法日期
    #ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO：在严格模式，在INSERT或UPDATE过程中，如果被零除(或 MOD(X，0))，则产生错误(否则为警告)。如果未给出该模式，被零除时MySQL返回NULL
    #PIPES_AS_CONCAT：将||视为字符串连接操作符（＋）(同CONCAT())，而不视为OR
    #ANSI_QUOTES：将‘”'视为识别符引号(‘`'引号字符)，不要视为字符串的引号字符
    sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
    #开启二进制日志功能，binlog数据位置
    log-bin = /application/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
    #mysql生成的错误日志存放的路径
    log-error = /application/mysql/logs/mysql_5_7_26.err

### 初始化数据库

    1.cd /application/mysql/
    2../bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data
    提示：
    #生成初始化密码参数(5.7版本才有)，必须要添加，否则会初始化失败，会生成空密码
    --initialize-insecure
    #设定初始化用户
    --user=mysql
    #设定mysql工作目录
    --basedir=/application/mysql
    #设定数据文件目录
    --datadir=/application/mysql/data

### 实例开启SSL连接

   

./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data

### 修改data目录下的server-key.pem文件权限

    1.cd /application/mysql/data/
    2.chmod +r server-key.pem
    3.ls -l server-key.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Jul 31 20:01 server-key.pem
    提示：
    如果不给文件server-key.pem其他用户和组可读权限的话，当启动数据库的时候，会报如下错误
    2019-08-07T06:39:24.111526Z 0 [ERROR] SSL error: Unable to get private key from 'server-key.pem'
    2019-08-07T06:39:24.111555Z 0 [Warning] Failed to set up SSL because of the following SSL library error: Unable to get private key

### 启动MySQL数据库

    #拷贝启动脚本到/etc/init.d/目录下，并改名mysqld
    1.cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
    2.ls -l /etc/init.d/mysqld
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10588 Aug  1 18:33 /etc/init.d/mysqld
    #重新加载系统服务，将MySQL数据库加入开机自启动
    1./bin/systemctl daemon-reload
    2./bin/systemctl enable mysqld.service
    mysqld.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
    Executing /sbin/chkconfig mysqld on
    #启动MySQL数据库，并检查端口监听状态
    1./etc/init.d/mysqld start
    2. netstat -lntup
    Active Internet connections (only servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6549/sshd
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7023/master
    tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      10947/mysqld
    tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      6549/sshd
    tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      7023/master

### MySQL数据库基本优化(安全)

    #删除全部用户，添加额外管理员，重新加载mysql授予表

    1.mysql
    2.select user,host from mysql.user;
    +---------------+-----------+
    | user          | host      |
    +---------------+-----------+
    | mysql.session | localhost |
    | mysql.sys     | localhost |
    | root          | localhost |
    +---------------+-----------+
    3.grant all privileges on *.* to name@'ip' identified by 'psd' with grant option;
    4.flush privileges;
    5.delete from mysql.user where user='mysql.session';
    6.delete from mysql.user where user='mysql.sys';
    7.delete from mysql.user where user='root';

### 操作命令

       

/etc/init.d/mysqld stop|start

 
### 授权远程用户连接MySQL数据的方法

    1.grant all privileges on *.* to name@'ip'' identified by 'password'' with grant option;
    2.flush privileges;

## 安装redis

    1.wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.5.tar.gz
    2.tar -zxf redis-5.0.5.tar.gz -C /usr/local
    3.cd redis-5.0.5
    4../configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
    5.make

### 操作命令

    1./usr/local/redis.5.0.5/src/redis-server reids.conf #启动已配置文件为基础的redis服务
    2./usr/local/redis5.0.5/src/redis-cli #进入命令行

## 安装php_redis和pdo_mysql扩展

### 安装redis扩展

    1.wget https://pecl.php.net/get/redis-5.0.2.tgz
    2.tar -zxf redis-5.0.2 -C /usr/local
    3.cd redis-5.0.3
    4./usr/local/bin/phpize
    5../configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/bin/php-config
    6.make
    7.cp /usr/local/redis-5.0.2/modules/redis.so /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20180731/
    8.kill (php-fpm的进程号)
    9./usr/local/bin/php-fpm

### 安装pdo_mysql扩展

    1.cd /usr/local/php-7.3.8/ext/pdo_mysql
    2./usr/local/bin/phpize
    3../configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/bin/config --with-pdo-mysql=/application/mysql
    4.make
    5.cp /usr/local/php-7.3.8/ext/pdo_mysql/modules/pdo_mysql.so /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20180731/
    6.kill (php-fpm的进程号)
    7./usr/local/bin/php-fpm

## 配置nginx实现路由重写

### nginx.conf配置

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME    $fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
            rewrite  ^(.)$  /index.php?s=/$1  last;
            break;
        }
    }

## 提示

在编译安装的过程中，每完成一步都要测试是否成功在进行下一步；如果外部访问不到服务器内的数据，有可能是防火墙没有关闭，要首先查看防火墙。

## 测试方法

### nginx

    1.使用 nginx -t 来检测配置是否成功
    2.在外部访问ip，正常显示网页，则安装成功

### 编译安装时的测试

1.每完成一步都可以使用 echo $? 来查看编译情况，若为0，则编译成功