strtod
将字符串转换成浮点数
相关函数
atoi,atol,strtod,strtol,strtoul
表头文件
#include <stdlib.h>
定义函数
double strtod(const char *nptr,char **endptr);
函数说明
strtod()会扫描参数nptr字符串,跳过前面的空格字符,直到遇上数字或正负符号才开始做转换,到出现非数字或字符串结束时('\0')才结束转换,并将结果返回。若endptr不为NULL,则会将遇到不合条件而终止的nptr中的字符指针由endptr传回。参数nptr字符串可包含正负号、小数点或E(e)来表示指数部分。如123.456或123e-2。
返回值
返回转换后的浮点型数。
附加说明
参考atof()。
范例
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char a[] = "10000000000";
char b[] = "-10000000000";
char c[] = "1ffff";
char d[] = "ffff";
printf("a = %lf\n",strtod(a,NULL));
printf("b = %lf\n",strtod(b,NULL));
printf("c = %lf\n",strtod(c,NULL));
printf("d = %lf\n",strtod(d,NULL));
return 0;
}
执行
a = 10000000000.000000
b = -10000000000.000000
c = 1.000000
d = 0.000000
man
STRTOD(3) Linux Programmer's Manual STRTOD(3)
NAME
strtod, strtof, strtold - convert ASCII string to floating-point number
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
double strtod(const char *nptr, char **endptr);
float strtof(const char *nptr, char **endptr);
long double strtold(const char *nptr, char **endptr);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
strtof(), strtold():
_XOPEN_SOURCE >= 600 || _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L;
or cc -std=c99
DESCRIPTION
The strtod(), strtof(), and strtold() functions convert the initial portion of the string pointed to
by nptr to double, float, and long double representation, respectively.
The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is optional leading white space as recog‐
nized by isspace(3), an optional plus ('+') or minus sign ('-') and then either (i) a decimal number,
or (ii) a hexadecimal number, or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number).
A decimal number consists of a nonempty sequence of decimal digits possibly containing a radix char‐
acter (decimal point, locale-dependent, usually '.'), optionally followed by a decimal exponent. A
decimal exponent consists of an 'E' or 'e', followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a
nonempty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 10.
A hexadecimal number consists of a "0x" or "0X" followed by a nonempty sequence of hexadecimal digits
possibly containing a radix character, optionally followed by a binary exponent. A binary exponent
consists of a 'P' or 'p', followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence
of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 2. At least one of radix character and
binary exponent must be present.
An infinity is either "INF" or "INFINITY", disregarding case.
A NAN is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by a string, (n-char-sequence), where n-char-
sequence specifies in an implementation-dependent way the type of NAN (see NOTES).
RETURN VALUE
These functions return the converted value, if any.
If endptr is not NULL, a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion is
stored in the location referenced by endptr.
If no conversion is performed, zero is returned and the value of nptr is stored in the location ref‐
erenced by endptr.
If the correct value would cause overflow, plus or minus HUGE_VAL (HUGE_VALF, HUGE_VALL) is returned
(according to the sign of the value), and ERANGE is stored in errno. If the correct value would
cause underflow, zero is returned and ERANGE is stored in errno.
ERRORS
ERANGE Overflow or underflow occurred.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
┌──────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────┐
│Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├──────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
│strtod(), strtof(), strtold() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe locale │
└──────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────┘
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C99.
strtod() was also described in C89.
NOTES
Since 0 can legitimately be returned on both success and failure, the calling program should set
errno to 0 before the call, and then determine if an error occurred by checking whether errno has a
nonzero value after the call.
In the glibc implementation, the n-char-sequence that optionally follows "NAN" is interpreted as an
integer number (with an optional '0' or '0x' prefix to select base 8 or 16) that is to be placed in
the mantissa component of the returned value.
EXAMPLE
See the example on the strtol(3) manual page; the use of the functions described in this manual page
is similar.
SEE ALSO
atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), nan(3), nanf(3), nanl(3), strtol(3), strtoul(3)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 4.04 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project,
information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at
http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2015-08-08 STRTOD(3)