strtod

strtod

将字符串转换成浮点数

相关函数

atoi，atol，strtod，strtol，strtoul

表头文件

#include <stdlib.h>

定义函数

double strtod(const char *nptr,char **endptr);

函数说明

strtod()会扫描参数nptr字符串，跳过前面的空格字符，直到遇上数字或正负符号才开始做转换，到出现非数字或字符串结束时('\0')才结束转换，并将结果返回。若endptr不为NULL，则会将遇到不合条件而终止的nptr中的字符指针由endptr传回。参数nptr字符串可包含正负号、小数点或E(e)来表示指数部分。如123.456或123e-2。

返回值

返回转换后的浮点型数。

附加说明

参考atof()。

范例

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
        char a[] = "10000000000";
        char b[] = "-10000000000";
        char c[] = "1ffff";
        char d[] = "ffff";

        printf("a = %lf\n",strtod(a,NULL));
        printf("b = %lf\n",strtod(b,NULL));
        printf("c = %lf\n",strtod(c,NULL));
        printf("d = %lf\n",strtod(d,NULL));

        return 0;
}

执行

a = 10000000000.000000
b = -10000000000.000000
c = 1.000000
d = 0.000000

man 

STRTOD(3)                                 Linux Programmer's Manual                                STRTOD(3)

NAME
       strtod, strtof, strtold - convert ASCII string to floating-point number

SYNOPSIS
       #include <stdlib.h>

       double strtod(const char *nptr, char **endptr);
       float strtof(const char *nptr, char **endptr);
       long double strtold(const char *nptr, char **endptr);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       strtof(), strtold():
           _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 600 || _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L;
           or cc -std=c99

DESCRIPTION
       The  strtod(), strtof(), and strtold() functions convert the initial portion of the string pointed to
       by nptr to double, float, and long double representation, respectively.

       The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is optional leading white  space  as  recog‐
       nized by isspace(3), an optional plus ('+') or minus sign ('-') and then either (i) a decimal number,
       or (ii) a hexadecimal number, or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number).

       A decimal number consists of a nonempty sequence of decimal digits possibly containing a radix  char‐
       acter  (decimal  point, locale-dependent, usually '.'), optionally followed by a decimal exponent.  A
       decimal exponent consists of an 'E' or 'e', followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a
       nonempty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 10.

       A hexadecimal number consists of a "0x" or "0X" followed by a nonempty sequence of hexadecimal digits
       possibly containing a radix character, optionally followed by a binary exponent.  A  binary  exponent
       consists of a 'P' or 'p', followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence
       of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 2.  At least one of radix character and
       binary exponent must be present.

       An infinity is either "INF" or "INFINITY", disregarding case.

       A  NAN is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by a string, (n-char-sequence), where n-char-
       sequence specifies in an implementation-dependent way the type of NAN (see NOTES).

RETURN VALUE
       These functions return the converted value, if any.

       If endptr is not NULL, a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion  is
       stored in the location referenced by endptr.

       If  no conversion is performed, zero is returned and the value of nptr is stored in the location ref‐
       erenced by endptr.

       If the correct value would cause overflow, plus or minus HUGE_VAL (HUGE_VALF, HUGE_VALL) is  returned
       (according  to  the  sign  of  the value), and ERANGE is stored in errno.  If the correct value would
       cause underflow, zero is returned and ERANGE is stored in errno.

ERRORS
       ERANGE Overflow or underflow occurred.

ATTRIBUTES
       For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

       ┌──────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────┐
       │Interface                     │ Attribute     │ Value          │
       ├──────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
       │strtod(), strtof(), strtold() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe locale │
       └──────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────┘
CONFORMING TO
       POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C99.

       strtod() was also described in C89.

NOTES
       Since 0 can legitimately be returned on both success and failure,  the  calling  program  should  set
       errno  to  0 before the call, and then determine if an error occurred by checking whether errno has a
       nonzero value after the call.

       In the glibc implementation, the n-char-sequence that optionally follows "NAN" is interpreted  as  an
       integer  number  (with an optional '0' or '0x' prefix to select base 8 or 16) that is to be placed in
       the mantissa component of the returned value.

EXAMPLE
       See the example on the strtol(3) manual page; the use of the functions described in this manual  page
       is similar.

SEE ALSO
       atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), nan(3), nanf(3), nanl(3), strtol(3), strtoul(3)

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part  of  release 4.04 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the project,
       information  about  reporting  bugs,  and  the  latest  version  of  this  page,  can  be  found   at
       http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux                                            2015-08-08                                        STRTOD(3)