享元(Flyweight)模式的定义:运用共享技术来有效地支持大量细粒度对象的复用。它通过共享已经存在的对象来大幅度减少需要创建的对象数量、避免大量相似类的开销,从而提高系统资源的利用率。
享元模式的主要优点是:相同对象只要保存一份,这降低了系统中对象的数量,从而降低了系统中细粒度对象给内存带来的压力。
其主要缺点是:
1. 为了使对象可以共享,需要将一些不能共享的状态外部化,这将增加程序的复杂性。
2. 读取享元模式的外部状态会使得运行时间稍微变长。
enum Brand {
case adiWang
case nike
}
enum Color {
case White
case Black
}
// 享元对象
class ShoesFlyWeight {
var brand :Brand
var color :Color
init(brand:Brand, color:Color) {
self.brand = brand;
self.color = color;
}
}
// 享元工厂
class ShoesFlyWeightFoctory {
static let adiWangWeight = ShoesFlyWeight(brand: .adiWang, color: .Black);
static let nikeWeight = ShoesFlyWeight(brand: .nike, color: .White);
static func getFlyWeight(brand:Brand) -> ShoesFlyWeight {
if brand == .adiWang {
return adiWangWeight
} else{
return nikeWeight;
}
}
}
class Shoes {
var flyWeight:ShoesFlyWeight
var size :Int
init(brand:Brand, size:Int) {
self.flyWeight = ShoesFlyWeightFoctory.getFlyWeight(brand: brand);
self.size = size;
}
}
for i in 0 ..< 6 {
let shoes = Shoes(brand: i%2 == 0 ?.adiWang:.nike, size: 43)
print(Unmanaged.passRetained(shoes.flyWeight).toOpaque());
}
// 只会有两份内存
0x00006000014ec720
0x00006000014ebf60
0x00006000014ec720
0x00006000014ebf60
0x00006000014ec720
0x00006000014ebf60