Java基础IO系列之ByteArrayInputStream和ByteArrayOutputStream解析

ByteArrayInputStream是字节输入流，继承自InputStream，内部将一个字节数组作为内部缓冲区，通过read()方法供外界读取字节，同时包含一个成员变量count用来计数累加，count跟着ByteArrayInputStream中read()方法的下一个字节。

ByteArrayInputStream源码

package java.io;

public class ByteArrayInputStream extends InputStream {
    //内部缓冲区，保存字节输入流数据
    protected byte buf[];
    //下一个被读取字节的位置，随着read()方法累加
    protected int pos;
    //标记位置使用，配合reset()使用，reset()调用会回到上一次标记的位置
    protected int mark = 0;
    //字节流长度
    protected int count;

    public ByteArrayInputStream(byte buf[]) {
        this.buf = buf;
        this.pos = 0;
        this.count = buf.length;
    }

    public ByteArrayInputStream(byte buf[], int offset, int length) {
        this.buf = buf;
        this.pos = offset;
        this.count = Math.min(offset + length, buf.length);
        this.mark = offset;
    }

    //读取当个字节，pos累加
    public synchronized int read() {
        return (pos < count) ? (buf[pos++] & 0xff) : -1;
    }

    //经过一些列的判断，将字节流中的数据存储到b数组中，
    //offset表示偏移量，即从off的位置开始取数据
    //len表示字节长度，真正取到的字符off位置开始的len个字节
    public synchronized int read(byte b[], int off, int len) {
        if (b == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        } else if (off < 0 || len < 0 || len > b.length - off) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }

        if (pos >= count) {
            return -1;
        }

        int avail = count - pos;
        if (len > avail) {
            len = avail;
        }
        if (len <= 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        System.arraycopy(buf, pos, b, off, len);
        pos += len;
        return len;
    }
    
    //跳过n个字节
    public synchronized long skip(long n) {
        long k = count - pos;
        if (n < k) {
            k = n < 0 ? 0 : n;
        }

        pos += k;
        return k;
    }

    //判断下个存在下个字节
    public synchronized int available() {
        return count - pos;
    }

    public boolean markSupported() {
        return true;
    }

    //标记当前位置
    public void mark(int readAheadLimit) {
        mark = pos;
    }

    //重置“字节流的读取索引”为“mark所标记的位置”
    public synchronized void reset() {
        pos = mark;
    }

    public void close() throws IOException {
    }
}

ByteArrayOutputStream是字节输出流，数据被写入一个 byte 数组。缓冲区会随着数据的不断写入而自动增长。可使用 toByteArray() 和 toString() 获取数据。

ByteArrayOutputStream源码：

package java.io;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class ByteArrayOutputStream extends OutputStream {
    //内部缓冲数组，存放字节
    protected byte buf[];
    //当前存放的字节量
    protected int count;
    //默认容量为32
    public ByteArrayOutputStream() {
        this(32);
    }

    public ByteArrayOutputStream(int size) {
        if (size < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative initial size: "
                                               + size);
        }
        buf = new byte[size];
    }
    //检测需否需要扩容，若缓冲数组大小大于扩容的大小，扩容
    private void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity - buf.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }
    //扩容操作
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        int oldCapacity = buf.length;
        //新容量为旧容量的2倍
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity << 1;
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity < 0) {
            if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
                throw new OutOfMemoryError();
            newCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        }
        buf = Arrays.copyOf(buf, newCapacity);
    }
    //逐个写入字节
    public synchronized void write(int b) {
        ensureCapacity(count + 1);
        buf[count] = (byte) b;
        count += 1;
    }
    //将b中字节写入到缓冲数组中，off表示b中写入位置的偏移量，len为需要写入的字节量
    public synchronized void write(byte b[], int off, int len) {
        if ((off < 0) || (off > b.length) || (len < 0) ||
            ((off + len) - b.length > 0)) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }
        ensureCapacity(count + len);
        System.arraycopy(b, off, buf, count, len);
        count += len;
    }
    // 写入输出流out到“字节数组输出流”中。
    public synchronized void writeTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
        out.write(buf, 0, count);
    }
    //重置
    public synchronized void reset() {
        count = 0;
    }
    //转化为字节数组
    public synchronized byte toByteArray()[] {
        return Arrays.copyOf(buf, count);
    }
    
    public synchronized int size() {
        return count;
    }

    public synchronized String toString() {
        return new String(buf, 0, count);
    }
    
    public synchronized String toString(String charsetName)
        throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    {
        return new String(buf, 0, count, charsetName);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public synchronized String toString(int hibyte) {
        return new String(buf, hibyte, 0, count);
    }

    public void close() throws IOException {
    }
}

具体应用

	byte[] array = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','z','y','z'};
		
		ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
		ByteArrayInputStream bais = null;
		
		try {
			baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			//将array写入到baos缓冲数组中
			baos.write(array);
			System.out.println("baos = "+baos);//baos = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwzyz
			//重置baos，此时内部的count值为0
			baos.reset();
			System.out.println("reset baos = "+baos);//reset baos = 
			//将array中5-20位置的字节写入到baos缓冲数组中
			baos.write(array, 5, 15);
			System.out.println("offset baos = "+baos);//offset baos = fghijklmnopqrst
			
			//bais中缓冲数组为fghijklmnopqrst
			bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
			int count = 0;
			StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
			//循环逐个读取字节，知道返回值为-1，即表示字节白被读完
			while((count = bais.read())!=-1) {
				//获取到的count是ascii码，强转为char
				str.append((char) count);
			}
			System.out.println("str = "+str.toString());//str = fghijklmnopqrst
			//bais中缓冲数组为fghijklmnopqrst
			bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
			//将bais中缓存数组的0-5的字节，读入到array中，即将abcde更改为fghij
			bais.read(array, 0, 5);
			String str1 = new String(array);
			System.out.println("str1 = "+str1);//str1 = fghijfghijklmnopqrstuvwzyz
			//标记第5个位置
			bais.mark(5);
			//将内部的pos设置为刚设置的5
			bais.reset();
			//将bais中缓存数组的0-5的字节，读入到array中,即将fghij更改为klmno
			bais.read(array, 0, 5);
			String str2 = new String(array);
			System.out.println("str2 = " +str2);//str1 = klmnofghijklmnopqrstuvwzyz
			
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			try {
				if(bais!=null)
					bais.close();
				if(baos!=null)
					baos.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}