104. 二叉树的最大深度
题目链接:链接
自己理解题目:遍历左子树,遍历右子树,分别记录层数,然后取最大值,想法是这样,但是写出来无法通过。。。
参考答案:
递归法:
class solution:
def maxdepth(self, root: treenode) -> int:
return self.getdepth(root)
def getdepth(self, node):
if not node:#判断当前节点是否为空
return 0
leftheight = self.getdepth(node.left) #左
rightheight = self.getdepth(node.right) #右
height = 1 + max(leftheight, rightheight) #中
return height
层序遍历迭代法:
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def maxDepth(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
if not root:#判断根节点是否为空
return 0
depth = 0
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:#队列不为空时
depth += 1
for _ in range(len(queue)):#遍历当前队列查找下层节点,并添加到队列中
node = queue.popleft()#按照每层节点个数弹出节点
if node.left:
queue.append(node.left)
if node.right:
queue.append(node.right)
return depth
反思总结:递归法无法理解为何遍历左、右子树时会返回深度,加1不是加的根节点吗?
111. 二叉树的最小深度
给定一个二叉树,找出其最小深度。
最小深度是从根节点到最近叶子节点的最短路径上的节点数量。
说明:叶子节点是指没有子节点的节点。
前序求的是深度,后序求的是高度。
二叉树节点的深度:指从根节点到该节点的最长简单路径边的条数或者节点数(取决于深度从0开始还是从1开始)
二叉树节点的高度:指从该节点到叶子节点的最长简单路径边的条数后者节点数(取决于高度从0开始还是从1开始)
题目链接:链接
自己理解题目:想着 把上一题的max改成min,果然踩坑。。。看了迭代思路后,自己还是能写出正确代码。
class Solution:
def minDepth(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
if not root:
return 0
l=[root]
cnt=0
while l:
cnt+=1
for i in range(len(l)):
node=l.pop(0)
if node.left:
l.append(node.left)
if node.right:
l.append(node.right)
if not node.left and not node.right:
return cnt
参考答案:
递归法(版本一)
class Solution:
def getDepth(self, node):
if node is None:
return 0
leftDepth = self.getDepth(node.left) # 左
rightDepth = self.getDepth(node.right) # 右
# 当一个左子树为空,右不为空,这时并不是最低点
if node.left is None and node.right is not None:
return 1 + rightDepth
# 当一个右子树为空,左不为空,这时并不是最低点
if node.left is not None and node.right is None:
return 1 + leftDepth
result = 1 + min(leftDepth, rightDepth)
return result
def minDepth(self, root):
return self.getDepth(root)
递归法(版本二)
class Solution:
def minDepth(self, root):
if root is None:
return 0
if root.left is None and root.right is not None:
return 1 + self.minDepth(root.right)
if root.left is not None and root.right is None:
return 1 + self.minDepth(root.left)
return 1 + min(self.minDepth(root.left), self.minDepth(root.right))
递归法(版本三)前序
class Solution:
def __init__(self):
self.result = float('inf')
def getDepth(self, node, depth):
if node is None:
return
if node.left is None and node.right is None:
self.result = min(self.result, depth)
if node.left:
self.getDepth(node.left, depth + 1)
if node.right:
self.getDepth(node.right, depth + 1)
def minDepth(self, root):
if root is None:
return 0
self.getDepth(root, 1)
return self.result
迭代法
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def minDepth(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
if not root:
return 0
depth = 0
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
depth += 1
for _ in range(len(queue)):
node = queue.popleft()
if not node.left and not node.right:
return depth
if node.left:
queue.append(node.left)
if node.right:
queue.append(node.right)
return depth
反思总结:
222. 完全二叉树的节点个数
给你一棵 完全二叉树 的根节点 root ,求出该树的节点个数。
完全二叉树 的定义如下:在完全二叉树中,除了最底层节点可能没填满外,其余每层节点数都达到最大值,并且最下面一层的节点都集中在该层最左边的若干位置。若最底层为第 h 层,则该层包含 1~ 2h 个节点。
题目链接:链接
自己理解题目:可以根据上一题的层序遍历,每层节点都加入后,利用中间变量累加len(l),得到代码如下:
class Solution:
def countNodes(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
if not root:
return 0
l=[root]
cnt=0
while l:
cnt+=len(l)
for i in range(len(l)):
node=l.pop(0)
if node.left:
l.append(node.left)
if node.right:
l.append(node.right)
return cnt
参考代码:
递归法:
class Solution:
def countNodes(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
return self.getNodesNum(root)
def getNodesNum(self, cur):
if not cur:
return 0
leftNum = self.getNodesNum(cur.left) #左
rightNum = self.getNodesNum(cur.right) #右
treeNum = leftNum + rightNum + 1 #中
return treeNum
迭代法:
import collections
class Solution:
def countNodes(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
queue = collections.deque()
if root:
queue.append(root)
result = 0
while queue:
size = len(queue)
for i in range(size):
node = queue.popleft()
result += 1 #记录节点数量
if node.left:
queue.append(node.left)
if node.right:
queue.append(node.right)
return result
完全二叉树
class Solution:
def countNodes(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
if not root:
return 0
left = root.left
right = root.right
leftDepth = 0 #这里初始为0是有目的的,为了下面求指数方便
rightDepth = 0
while left: #求左子树深度
left = left.left
leftDepth += 1
while right: #求右子树深度
right = right.right
rightDepth += 1
if leftDepth == rightDepth:
return (2 << leftDepth) - 1 #注意(2<<1) 相当于2^2,所以leftDepth初始为0
return self.countNodes(root.left) + self.countNodes(root.right) + 1
完全二叉树写法2
class Solution: # 利用完全二叉树特性
def countNodes(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
if not root: return 0
count = 1
left = root.left; right = root.right
while left and right:
count+=1
left = left.left; right = right.right
if not left and not right: # 如果同时到底说明是满二叉树,反之则不是
return 2**count-1
return 1+self.countNodes(root.left)+self.countNodes(root.right)
完全二叉树写法3
class Solution: # 利用完全二叉树特性
def countNodes(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
if not root: return 0
count = 0
left = root.left; right = root.right
while left and right:
count+=1
left = left.left; right = right.right
if not left and not right: # 如果同时到底说明是满二叉树,反之则不是
return (2<<count)-1
return 1+self.countNodes(root.left)+self.countNodes(root.right)
反思总结:这么多种写法,为何感觉迭代法最简单。。。