力扣刷题0714

110. 平衡二叉树

给定一个二叉树，判断它是否是高度平衡的二叉树。

本题中，一棵高度平衡二叉树定义为：

一个二叉树每个节点 的左右两个子树的高度差的绝对值不超过 1 。

题目链接：链接

自己理解题目：暴力求左右高度差，判断再返回。

参考代码：

递归法：

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def isBalanced(self, root: TreeNode) -> bool:
        if self.get_height(root) != -1:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def get_height(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
        # Base Case
        if not root:
            return 0
        # 左
        if (left_height := self.get_height(root.left)) == -1:
            return -1
        # 右
        if (right_height := self.get_height(root.right)) == -1:
            return -1
        # 中
        if abs(left_height - right_height) > 1:
            return -1
        else:
            return 1 + max(left_height, right_height)
递归法精简版：

class Solution:
    def isBalanced(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> bool:
        return self.get_hight(root) != -1
    def get_hight(self, node):
        if not node:
            return 0
        left = self.get_hight(node.left)
        right = self.get_hight(node.right)
        if left == -1 or right == -1 or abs(left - right) > 1:
            return -1
        return max(left, right) + 1

迭代法：

class Solution:
    def getDepth(self, cur):
        st = []
        if cur is not None:
            st.append(cur)
        depth = 0
        result = 0
        while st:
            node = st[-1]
            if node is not None:
                st.pop()
                st.append(node)                           # 中
                st.append(None)
                depth += 1
                if node.right:
                    st.append(node.right)                 # 右
                if node.left:
                    st.append(node.left)                   # 左

            else:               
                node = st.pop()
                st.pop()
                depth -= 1
            result = max(result, depth)
        return result

    def isBalanced(self, root):
        st = []
        if root is None:
            return True
        st.append(root)
        while st:
            node = st.pop()                                 # 中
            if abs(self.getDepth(node.left) - self.getDepth(node.right)) > 1:
                return False
            if node.right:
                st.append(node.right)                       # 右（空节点不入栈）
            if node.left:
                st.append(node.left)                         # 左（空节点不入栈）
        return True

迭代法精简版：

class Solution:
    def isBalanced(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> bool:
        if not root:
            return True

        height_map = {}
        stack = [root]
        while stack:
            node = stack.pop()
            if node:
                stack.append(node)
                stack.append(None)
                if node.left: stack.append(node.left)
                if node.right: stack.append(node.right)
            else:
                real_node = stack.pop()
                left, right = height_map.get(real_node.left, 0), height_map.get(real_node.right, 0)
                if abs(left - right) > 1:
                    return False
                height_map[real_node] = 1 + max(left, right)
        return True

257. 二叉树的所有路径

给你一个二叉树的根节点 root ，按 任意顺序 ，返回所有从根节点到叶子节点的路径。

叶子节点 是指没有子节点的节点。

题目链接：链接

自己理解题目：根据前序遍历+回溯方法得到 路径组合，然后拼接转换格式。

class Solution:
    def binaryTreePaths(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[str]:
        if root==None:
            return []
        res, ll= [],[]
        def preorder(root,res,ll):
            if root == None:
                return
            ll.append(root.val)
            if root.left == None and root.right == None:
                res.append(ll[:])
            preorder(root.left, res, ll)
            preorder(root.right, res, ll)
            ll.pop()
        preorder(root,res,ll)
        
        return ["->".join(list(map(str,i))) for i in res]

参考代码：

递归法+回溯

# Definition for a binary tree node.
class Solution:
    def traversal(self, cur, path, result):
        path.append(cur.val)  # 中
        if not cur.left and not cur.right:  # 到达叶子节点
            sPath = '->'.join(map(str, path))
            result.append(sPath)
            return
        if cur.left:  # 左
            self.traversal(cur.left, path, result)
            path.pop()  # 回溯
        if cur.right:  # 右
            self.traversal(cur.right, path, result)
            path.pop()  # 回溯

    def binaryTreePaths(self, root):
        result = []
        path = []
        if not root:
            return result
        self.traversal(root, path, result)
        return result

class Solution:

    def binaryTreePaths(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[str]:
        # 题目中节点数至少为1
        stack, path_st, result = [root], [str(root.val)], []

        while stack:
            cur = stack.pop()
            path = path_st.pop()
            # 如果当前节点为叶子节点，添加路径到结果中
            if not (cur.left or cur.right):
                result.append(path)
            if cur.right:
                stack.append(cur.right)
                path_st.append(path + '->' + str(cur.right.val))
            if cur.left:
                stack.append(cur.left)
                path_st.append(path + '->' + str(cur.left.val))

        return result

反思总结：
参考代码及思路分析

404. 左叶子之和

给定二叉树的根节点 root ，返回所有左叶子之和。
题目链接：添加链接描述

自己理解题目：左叶子之和是左节点，也是叶子节点。迭代法更好理解。

参考代码：

递归

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sumOfLeftLeaves(self, root):
        if root is None:
            return 0
        if root.left is None and root.right is None:
            return 0
        
        leftValue = self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left)  # 左
        if root.left and not root.left.left and not root.left.right:  # 左子树是左叶子的情况
            leftValue = root.left.val
            
        rightValue = self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right)  # 右

        sum_val = leftValue + rightValue  # 中
        return sum_val
递归精简版

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sumOfLeftLeaves(self, root):
        if root is None:
            return 0
        leftValue = 0
        if root.left is not None and root.left.left is None and root.left.right is None:
            leftValue = root.left.val
        return leftValue + self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left) + self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right)

迭代法

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sumOfLeftLeaves(self, root):
        if root is None:
            return 0
        st = [root]
        result = 0
        while st:
            node = st.pop()
            if node.left and node.left.left is None and node.left.right is None:
                result += node.left.val
            if node.right:
                st.append(node.right)
            if node.left:
                st.append(node.left)
        return result

反思总结：迭代法更好理解样，反倒递归法还不是很懂。
链接