Linux学习日记

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-22 17:48:04 发布

fxxxkming

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-22 17:48:04 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41990671/article/details/118111626

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步骤记录

1.申请服务器（白嫖两个月）

略

xshell是最方便的

刚创建云服务器就开始测试一些自己知道的命令

ls
cd 
clear
python
python3
touch
cat
rm
...

apt-get

然后要安装tree，发现报错（忘了是是啥了，反正查到要更新才行）

sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install tree
tree

ln（link)

简单复现了快捷方式的创建，软链接和硬链接

（软就是纯指向，像快捷方式，删除就删除快捷方式文件；

硬就是映射磁盘位置，硬链接数量会存在文件信息中，有点像share指针，删除硬链接同时会减少该文件硬链接数量）

软链接加-s（soft）

ln [-s] [被链接文件] [生成文件]
ln -s /home/ming/ test_ln
ln /home/ming/ test_ln

ps(process)

a：（all）当前系统所有用户的进程
u：查看进程所有者及其他一些信息
x：显示没有控制终端的进程 – 不能与用户进行交互的进程【输入、输出】

显示当前用户下所有进程 ps aux

ps aux | grep xxx

利用管道|左边结果输入到右边通过grep（无需”“）筛选

kill

查看信号编号
kill -l

杀死进程
kill -SIGKILL 89899【PID-进程标识号】

这里可以多开几个中断看进程ps aux | grep bash，然后kill一个看看

不知道kill自己是什么效果

addusr

sudo addusr ming
密码设置为ming326033

Linux搭建ftp服务器

sudo apt-get install vsftpd
sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf # 按视频里设置就行
service vsftpd restart

自己新开终端登录一下自己

ftp 172.26.222.209#自己可使用内网ip
#输入ming这个用户的用户名密码即可成功登陆

尝试使用windows实名登陆ftp

需要云服务器设置安全组（见视频）

其实就是放开入的21端口（另一个端口范围不知道干嘛的）

然后就可以了

C:\Users\15518>ftp 39.103.171.252
连接到 39.103.171.252。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(39.103.171.252:(none)): ming
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
230 Login successful.
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye.

中间有尝试自己查看自己的外网ip，卡死（据说是端口被占，估计又是安全组的问题）

sudo apt-get install curl
curl ifconfig.me

匿名登陆：

用户名固定anonymous，密码空

可在配置文件中指定anon_root=/home/ming/MyFtp来设置匿名用户访问文件夹，匿名用户不能向上级访问！！

其中需要修改文件权限来使匿名用户可以操作某些文件chomd

NFS服务器

  253  sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server  254  cd ..  255  cd home/ming/  256  ls  257  mkdir MyNfs  258  vim /etc/exports   259  sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart   260  cd MyNfs/  261  touch 1.txt  262  vim 1.txt

这里vim /etc/exports用来配置nfs

其中/home/ming/MyNfs *(rw,sync) 表示文件夹 ip段（权限【读写，同步（内存中的会立即同步）】）

windows配置nfs
在这里插入图片描述

如图，这样才能识别mount命令

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Bc8UJBv4-1624353714910)(assets/image-20210608165801459.png)]

C:\Users\15518>mount -h'mount' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序或批处理文件。C:\Users\15518>mount本地    远程                                 属性-------------------------------------------------------------------------------C:\Users\15518>mount \\39.103.171.252\home\ming\MyNfs x:网络错误 - 53有关详细信息，请键入“NET HELPMSG 53”。C:\Users\15518>net helpmsg 53找不到网络路径。C:\Users\15518>

这留个尾巴

ssh服务器

sudo apt-get install openssh-server安装（服务器肯定已经装好了呀）

windows登陆

C:\Users\15518>ssh ming@39.103.171.252The authenticity of host '39.103.171.252 (39.103.171.252)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:/BetboMf8xcxHRPZwpl7tVPnpKds6gdUGBknFyB3SUw.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '39.103.171.252' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.ming@39.103.171.252's password:Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-143-generic x86_64) * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:     https://ubuntu.com/livepatchNew release '20.04.2 LTS' available.Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;the exact distribution terms for each program are described in theindividual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-143-generic x86_64) * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:     https://ubuntu.com/livepatchNew release '20.04.2 LTS' available.Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;the exact distribution terms for each program are described in theindividual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted byapplicable law.Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !ming@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~$ lsMyFtp  MyNfsming@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~$ cd MyNfs/ming@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~/MyNfs$ ls1.txtming@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~/MyNfs$ ls -ltotal 4-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 Jun  8 16:49 1.txtming@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~/MyNfs$ exitlogoutConnection to 39.103.171.252 closed.C:\Users\15518>

scp

== super copy

无需搭建ftp服务器进行文件拷贝（下载）

man

命令进行查询手册，比如：（所以man man也是可以的）

man lsLS(1)                                       User Commands                                      LS(1)NAME       ls - list directory contentsSYNOPSIS       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...DESCRIPTION       List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).  Sort entries alphabeti‐       cally if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.       -a, --all              do not ignore entries starting with ....

alias

【单词意思：别名】封装内容，比如ls封装了ls --color=

auto

root@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~# alias lsalias ls='ls --color=auto'

echo

打印到终端

root@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~# echo PATHPATHroot@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~# echo $PATH/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin

$表示取后面那个东西【PATH】的值

。。。

vim/vi

MySQL

install

sudo apt-get install mysql-serversudo apt-get install mysql-client

verification

client

service mysql start # no error means client install ok

server

root@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~# mysql -uroot -pEnter password: 【mysql】Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.7.34-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> ^DByeroot@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~#

start \ stop

sudo service mysql statussudo service mysql stopsudo service mysql start sudo service mysql restart

configure

在这里插入图片描述

vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

mysql -u【用户名】 -p【密码】

print time now

mysql> select now();
+---------------------+
| now()               |
+---------------------+
| 2021-06-23 14:24:02 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

logout
【ctrl+d】

some sql sentences

about database

# 单行注释方法
show databases; # view all databases
create database goods charset=utf8; # create a database called “goods” encoding type is “usf-8”
use goods; # use database called “goods”
select database(); # view which database is being using
drop database goods; # delete goods

about table

show tables;
create table 【表名】(字段名称 数据类型 约束条件，字段名称 数据类型 约束条件，。。。);
alter table 表名 modify 列名 类型 约束; # change column’s type
desc 表名; # view strctrue of a table
drop 表名; # delete table

table example

mysql> use goods;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table info(
    -> id int unsigned primary key not null auto_increment,
    -> name char(10) not null,
    -> age int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_goods |
+-----------------+
| info            |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc info
    -> ;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | char(10)         | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age   | int(11)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter table info modify name varchar(200) not null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc info
    -> ;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(200)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age   | int(11)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table info;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

CRUD
crud是指在做计算处理时的增加(Create)、检索(Retrieve)、更新(Update)和删除(Delete)几个单词的首字母简写
首先是建立一个测试用表

mysql> create table students( id int unsigned not null primary key auto_increment, name varchar(50) not null, age int(11), gender enum('男','女') default '男');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> desc students; 
+--------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field  | Type              | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id     | int(10) unsigned  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name   | varchar(50)       | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age    | int(11)           | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| gender | enum('男','女')   | YES  |     | 男      |                |
+--------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

然后开始操作

mysql> insert into students value(0,'小明',18,'男');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name   | age  | gender |
+----+--------+------+--------+
|  1 | 小明   |   18 | 男     |
+----+--------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> mysql> insert into students(name) values('小王');
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'valudH values('小王')' at line 1
mysql> insert into students(name) values('小王');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name   | age  | gender |
+----+--------+------+--------+
|  1 | 小明   |   18 | 男     |
|  2 | 小王   | NULL | 男     |
+----+--------+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into students values(0,'Lily',16,'女'),(0,'HanMM',12,'女');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name   | age  | gender |
+----+--------+------+--------+
|  1 | 小明   |   18 | 男     |
|  2 | 小王   | NULL | 男     |
|  3 | Lily   |   16 | 女     |
|  4 | HanMM  |   12 | 女     |
+----+--------+------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into students(name) values('李磊'),('小王'),('大头儿子');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------------+------+--------+
| id | name         | age  | gender |
+----+--------------+------+--------+
|  1 | 小明         |   18 | 男     |
|  2 | 小王         | NULL | 男     |
|  3 | Lily         |   16 | 女     |
|  4 | HanMM        |   12 | 女     |
|  5 | 李磊         | NULL | 男     |
|  6 | 小王         | NULL | 男     |
|  7 | 大头儿子     | NULL | 男     |
+----+--------------+------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

retrieve

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------------+------+--------+
| id | name         | age  | gender |
+----+--------------+------+--------+
|  1 | 小明         |   18 | 男     |
|  2 | 小王         | NULL | 男     |
|  3 | Lily         |   16 | 女     |
|  4 | HanMM        |   12 | 女     |
|  5 | 李磊         | NULL | 男     |
|  6 | 小王         | NULL | 男     |
|  7 | 大头儿子     | NULL | 男     |
+----+--------------+------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select name,age from students;
+--------------+------+
| name         | age  |
+--------------+------+
| 小明         |   18 |
| 小王         | NULL |
| Lily         |   16 |
| HanMM        |   12 |
| 李磊         | NULL |
| 小王         | NULL |
| 大头儿子     | NULL |
+--------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

update

mysql> update students set age=22,name='hm' where id=4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------------+------+--------+
| id | name         | age  | gender |
+----+--------------+------+--------+
|  1 | 小明         |   18 | 男     |
|  2 | 小王         | NULL | 男     |
|  3 | Lily         |   16 | 女     |
|  4 | hm           |   22 | 女     |
|  5 | 李磊         | NULL | 男     |
|  6 | 小王         | NULL | 男     |
|  7 | 大头儿子     | NULL | 男     |
+----+--------------+------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

delete

mysql> delete from students where id=7;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name   | age  | gender |
+----+--------+------+--------+
|  1 | 小明   |   18 | 男     |
|  2 | 小王   | NULL | 男     |
|  3 | Lily   |   16 | 女     |
|  4 | hm     |   22 | 女     |
|  5 | 李磊   | NULL | 男     |
|  6 | 小王   | NULL | 男     |
+----+--------+------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

backup & export

mysqldump -uroot goods > /home/ming/data.sql

resume & import

root@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:~# cd /home/ming/
root@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:/home/ming# ls
data.sql  MyFtp  MyNfs
root@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:/home/ming# mysql -uroot -pmysql

mysql> use goods;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> drop table students;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> source data.sql;
。。。
。。。
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_goods |
+-----------------+
| students        |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name   | age  | gender |
+----+--------+------+--------+
|  1 | 小明   |   18 | 男     |
|  2 | 小王   | NULL | 男     |
|  3 | Lily   |   16 | 女     |
|  4 | hm     |   22 | 女     |
|  5 | 李磊   | NULL | 男     |
|  6 | 小王   | NULL | 男     |
+----+--------+------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

pymysql

preparations

修改安全组配置，开放3306端口
参考https://blog.csdn.net/hello404/article/details/82149597，修改密码的某个格式。。没太看懂

import pymysql

connc = pymysql.Connect(
        user='root',
        password='mysql',
        database='goods',
        port=3306,
        charset='utf8'
        )
cur = connc.cursor()

sql = 'select * from students;'

cur.execute(sql)

result = cur.fetchall()
print(result)

cur.close()

root@iZ8vb44rvj11y7u33l5yhsZ:/home/ming/git/MySQL_learning# python3 pymysql_test.py 
((1, '小明', 18, '男'), (2, '小王', None, '男'), (3, 'Lily', 16, '女'), (4, 'hm', 22, '女'), (5, '李磊', None, '男'), (6, '小王', None, '男'))

fxxxkming

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Linux学习日记

步骤记录1.申请服务器（白嫖两个月）略xshell是最方便的刚创建云服务器就开始测试一些自己知道的命令lscd clearpythonpython3touchcatrm...apt-get然后要安装tree，发现报错（忘了是是啥了，反正查到要更新才行）sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install treetreeln（link)简单复现了快捷方式的创建，软链接和硬链接（软就是纯指向，像快捷方式，删除就删除快捷方式文件；硬就是
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