IMOOC个人笔记 Spring\JDBC事务管理基础

事务特性：
原子性：在整个事务中，所有执行的Sql要么全部执行，要么全部不执行。
一致性：数据库必须要从一个一致性状态转变到另一个一致性状态。是从业务角度来分析的，比如购买十件商品，操作数据库的时候只减少了一件商品，那么就不行了。这边卖十件商品，仓库就必须要减少十件商品。

Mysql事务处理： Mysql处理事务的语法结构
事务并发问题：
脏读：不合理或者错误的数据。可以将内存空间相互独立，不给相互读取或者只给读取永久数据。——会话独立
不可重复读：可以将记录锁住，锁行
幻读：可以锁表

Mysql事务隔离级别：

隔离级别越高，解决的事务并发问题越来越多，但是并发事务执行的时候效率是越来越低的。

JDBC事务处理:
JDBC是通过Connection对象进行事务管理的。其事务必须基于同一个Connection对象的多个SQL或者语句操作才能封装成一个事务，如果是不同的Connection对象无法将其封装成一个事务。

案例：
JDBC事务隔离级别的设置：

Spring事务处理的各个接口API：
各个接口的详解：
事务传播行为的设置：
案例：
假如有a和b两个方法，在a方法中调用了b方法，那么在a方法中调用了b方法，两个事务之间会不会产生什么问题呢？两个事务之间会如何关联 如何传递呢？这就要讲到事务传播行为的问题了。

假设b方法设置了事务传播行为级别为PROPAGATION_REQUIRED

在a方法调用b方法的时候 会进行判断：

如果a方法没有封装成一个事务 ，a方法调用b方法时，判断当前没有事务。所以开始运行b方法时 b方法便新开启一个新的事务。

如果a方法已经封装成了一个事务，b方法在a方法事务中被调用，b就会加入到a的事务当中。

其余事务行为 如此类推。

---

Spring事务处理-基于底层API 案例:

OrderServiceImpl.java

package com.imooc.os.service.impl;

import com.imooc.os.dao.OrderDao;
import com.imooc.os.dao.ProductDao;
import com.imooc.os.entity.Order;
import com.imooc.os.entity.Product;
import com.imooc.os.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean;

import java.util.Date;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;
    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;
    //事务管理器对象
    @Autowired
    private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
    //事务定义的对象
    @Autowired
    private TransactionDefinition transactionDefinition;

    public void addOrder(Order order) {
        order.setCreateTime(new Date());
        order.setStatus("待付款");
        //开启事务 获得事务状态对象
        TransactionStatus transactionStatus = transactionManager.getTransaction(transactionDefinition);
        try {
            orderDao.insert(order);
            Product product = productDao.select(order.getProductsId());
            product.setStock(product.getStock() - order.getNumber());
            productDao.update(product);
            transactionManager.commit(transactionStatus);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            //如果发生错误则进行回滚操作
            transactionManager.rollback(transactionStatus);
        }


    }
}

spring-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.os.service.impl1"/>
    <!--事务管理器对象-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--事务定义的对象-->
    <bean id="transactionDefinition" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition">
        <!--传播行为名称 定义-->
        <property name="propagationBehaviorName" value="PROPAGATION_REQUIRED"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/os?userUnicode=true"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.os.dao"/>
</beans>

有关增删查改的具体操作就不列出了。 上面的案例可以通过下图加深理解 案例主要展示了 通过往PlatformTransactionManager (事务管理器对象) 传入事务定义的对象TransactionDefinition 来开启事务，执行完持久化操作后使用 transactionManager.commit(transactionStatus); 提交事务。

如果发生异常，将在catch里面通过 transactionManager.rollback(transactionStatus); 进行回滚操作。

其中PlatformTransactionManager 以及TransactionDefinition 对象使用XML方式配置其中的信息，通过SpringIOC实现注入。

---

Spring事务处理-基于TransactionTemplate 案例：

上面的基于底层API 案例 每次都要设置开启事务和提交事务，较为繁琐。然后Spring对其进行了封装，下面将展示 基于TransactionTemplate的使用。

上图为TransactionTemplate的源码，里面有一个叫execute的方法，其中以及设置了开启事务和提交事务，所以这个就不用手写了。

OrderServiceImpl.java

package com.imooc.os.service.impl2;

import com.imooc.os.dao.OrderDao;
import com.imooc.os.dao.ProductDao;
import com.imooc.os.entity.Order;
import com.imooc.os.entity.Product;
import com.imooc.os.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

import java.util.Date;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;
    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;
    @Autowired
    private TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;

    public void addOrder(final Order order) {
        order.setCreateTime(new Date());
        order.setStatus("待付款");

        transactionTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
            public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus transactionStatus) {
                try {
                    orderDao.insert(order);
                    Product product = productDao.select(order.getProductsId());
                    product.setStock(product.getStock() - order.getNumber());
                    productDao.update(product);
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly();
                }
                return null;
            }
        });

    }
}

spring-service2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.os.service.impl1"/>
    <!--事务管理器对象-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionTemplate" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/os?userUnicode=true"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.os.dao"/>
</beans>

---

Spring声明式事务处理-基于拦截器方式 案例：

OrderServiceImpl.java

package com.imooc.os.service.impl2;

import com.imooc.os.dao.OrderDao;
import com.imooc.os.dao.ProductDao;
import com.imooc.os.entity.Order;
import com.imooc.os.entity.Product;
import com.imooc.os.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

import java.util.Date;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;
    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;
    @Autowired
    private TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;

    public void addOrder(final Order order) {
        order.setCreateTime(new Date());
        order.setStatus("待付款");

        orderDao.insert(order);
        Product product = productDao.select(order.getProductsId());
        product.setStock(product.getStock() - order.getNumber());
        productDao.update(product);

    }
}

spring-service3.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <!--事务管理器对象-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="orderServiceTarget" class="com.imooc.os.service.impl3.OrderServiceImpl"/>
    <!--事务拦截器-->
    <bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
        <!--定义事务的属性、事务传播行为-->
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <!--key为目标对象的方法名 readOnly:只读-->
                <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                <prop key="search*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                <!--对于除了查询以外的那些会变动更新的方法，需要取消只读属性-->
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!--创建代理类 将上面定义的两个bean关联起来-->
    <bean id="orderService" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="target" ref="orderServiceTarget"/>
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <!--list中可以定义多个idref  也就是多个拦截器-->
            <list>
                <idref bean="transactionInterceptor"/>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/os?userUnicode=true"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.os.dao"/>
</beans>

上方的xml代码里，要编写transactionInterceptor和orderService这两个bean可能代码有点长了。所以Spring将这两个bean进行了简化。使用TransactionProxyFactoryBean这个类便可以把以上两个bean的代码放进去，所以只需配置一个bean，简化了代码。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <!--事务管理器对象-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="orderServiceTarget" class="com.imooc.os.service.impl3.OrderServiceImpl"/>

    <bean id="orderService" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <!--key为目标对象的方法名 readOnly:只读-->
                <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                <prop key="search*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                <!--对于除了查询以外的那些会变动更新的方法，需要取消只读属性-->
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <property name="target" ref="orderServiceTarget"/>
    </bean>

---

如下图，第一种和第二种方式只是为了让大家了解Spring事务处理的思路。而第三第四种才是实际开发中常用到的事务处理方式。

下面将开始讲解第三和第四种方式。

Spring事务处理-基于tx命名空间：

基于tx/aop配置切面增强事务

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--导包-->
    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <!--自动扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.os.service.impl1"/>
    <!--事务管理器对象-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    
   <!--事务通知-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <!--指定事务的属性-->
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="search*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!--AOP增强 配置-->
    <aop:config>
        <!--切入点-->
        <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.imooc.os.service.impl.*.*(..))"/>
        <!--事务通知-->s
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
    </aop:config>

   
</beans>

spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/os?userUnicode=true"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.os.dao"/>
</beans>

---

Spring事务处理-基于注解方式：

OrderServiceImpl.java

package com.imooc.os.service.impl6;

import com.imooc.os.dao.OrderDao;
import com.imooc.os.dao.ProductDao;
import com.imooc.os.entity.Order;
import com.imooc.os.entity.Product;
import com.imooc.os.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.Date;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;
    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void addOrder(Order order) {
        order.setCreateTime(new Date());
        order.setStatus("待付款");

        orderDao.insert(order);
        Product product = productDao.select(order.getProductsId());
        product.setStock(product.getStock() - order.getNumber());
        productDao.update(product);

    }
}

spring-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--导包-->
    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <!--自动扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.os.service.impl6"/>
    <!--事务管理器对象-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>


    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>


</beans>

spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/os?userUnicode=true"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.os.dao"/>
</beans>

---