【星海出品】数据可视化之Matplotlib入门（五）

如果有喜欢的模板，可以直接套数据到官方提供的模板。

https://plotly.com/python/

3D

#创建一个子图，带3D的图纸

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection = '3d')
plt.show()

#生成一个，Z轴线

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 100)
z = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)
r = z**2 + 1
x = r * np.sin(theta)
y = r * np.cos(theta)

ax.plot(x,y,z)
plt.show()

#生成一个3D的图，散点图

np.random.seed(1)
def randrange(n,vmin,vmax):
    return (vmax-vmin)*np.random.rand(n)+vmin


fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection = '3d')
n = 100
for c,m,zlow,zhigh in [('r','o',-50,-25),('b','x','-30','-5')]:
    xs = randrange(n,23,32)
    ys = randrange(n,0,100)
    zs = randrange(n,int(zlow),int(zhigh))
    ax.scatter(xs,ys,zs,c=c,marker=m)
plt.show()

生成3D图，矩形图

fig = plt.figure()  
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 

for c, z in zip(['r', 'g', 'b', 'y'], [30, 20, 10, 0]): 
    xs = np.arange(20)
    ys = np.random.rand(20)
    cs = [c]*len(xs)
    ax.bar(xs,ys,zs = z,zdir='y',color = cs,alpha = 0.5)
plt.show()

生成3D 等高线图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
 
fig = plt.figure()
'''让下面的都在一个框框里面'''
ax = Axes3D(fig)
fig.add_axes(ax)
'''绘制3D空间（坐标轴）'''
X = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
'''把x,y绘制对应到底面的面上去'''
R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2 + np.exp(np.pi))
Z = np.tanh(R)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow'))
'''绘制3D cmap又一种方法'''
ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=0.99987, cmap='summer')
'''顺便在某平面画个等高线 zdir是决定从哪个方向压下去'''
plt.show()