Celery 常用于 web 异步任务、定时任务等。
使用 redis 作为 Celery的「消息代理 / 消息中间件」。
这里通过Flask-Mail使用qq邮箱延时发送邮件作为示例
pip install celery
pip install redis
pip install Flask-Mail
1、使用flask发送邮件
使用 Flask-Mail 发送邮件需要进行一下配置，其中QQ邮箱授权码的获取方式如下所述：
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'top-secret!'
# Flask-Mail configuration
app.config['MAIL_SERVER'] = 'smtp.qq.com'
app.config['MAIL_PORT'] = 465
# 启用/禁用传输安全层加密
app.config['MAIL_USE_TLS'] = False
# 启用/禁用安全套接字层加密
app.config['MAIL_USE_SSL'] = True
app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'] = '我的QQ邮箱@qq.com'
app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD'] = '我的QQ邮箱授权码'
app.config['MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER'] = '我的QQ邮箱@qq.com'
# Celery configuration
app.config['CELERY_BROKER_URL'] = 'redis://localhost:6379/0'
app.config['CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND'] = 'redis://localhost:6379/0'
# Initialize extensions
mail = Mail(app)
@app.route("/send_mail")
def index11():
# sender：发件人 recipients：收件人
msg = Message('Hello', sender = app.config['MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER'], recipients = ['目标邮箱@qq.com'])
msg.body = "来自python--flask框架发送的邮件内容~"
mail.send(msg)#发送Message类对象的内容
return "发送成功"
点进qq邮箱，在设置里面点击账号，向下滚动开启pop3服务获取授权码。
2、延时发送邮件
定义celery任务，与flask基本一样 只是前面多了修饰符@celery.task
@celery.task
def send_async_email(email_data):
"""Background task to send an email with Flask-Mail."""
msg = Message(email_data['subject'],
sender=app.config['MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER'],
recipients=[email_data['to']])
msg.body = email_data['body']
with app.app_context():
mail.send(msg)
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('index.html', email=session.get('email', ''))
email = request.form['email']
session['email'] = email
# send the email
email_data = {
'subject': 'Hello from Flask',
'to': email,
'body': '来自python--flask框架延时发送的邮件内容~'
}
if request.form['submit'] == 'Send':
# send right away
send_async_email.delay(email_data)
print('here!--')
flash('Sending email to {0}'.format(email))
else:
# send in one minute
send_async_email.apply_async(args=[email_data], countdown=60)
flash('An email will be sent to {0} in one minute'.format(email))
return redirect(url_for('index'))
3、生成带有状态信息进度条的异步任务
# bind为True，会传入self给被装饰的方法
@celery.task(bind=True)
def long_task(self):
"""带有进度条以及状态报告的 异步任务"""
verb = ['正在', '准备', '目前', '处于', '进行']
adjective = ['全速', '努力', '默默地', '认真', '快速']
noun = ['打开', '启动', '修复', '加载', '检查']
message = ''
total = random.randint(10, 50) # 随机取10~50的一个随机数
for i in range(total):
selectnow = random.random()
print(selectnow)
# 拼接上面三个lsit 随机的生成一些状态描述
if not message or selectnow < 0.25:
message = '{0} {1} {2}...'.format(random.choice(verb),
random.choice(adjective),
random.choice(noun))
# 更新Celery任务状态
self.update_state(state='PROGRESS',
meta={'current': i, 'total': total,
'status': message})
time.sleep(1)
# 返回字典
return {'current': 100, 'total': 100, 'status': '任务完成!',
'result': 42}
@app.route('/longtask', methods=['POST'])
def longtask():
task = long_task.apply_async()
return jsonify({}), 202, {'Location': url_for('taskstatus', task_id=task.id)}
@app.route('/status/<task_id>')
def taskstatus(task_id):
task = long_task.AsyncResult(task_id)
# print(task.state)
if task.state == 'PENDING':
# PENDING的时候 如果一直PENDING可能是celery没开启
response = {
'state': task.state,
'current': 0,
'total': 1,
'status': 'Pending...'
}
elif task.state != 'FAILURE':
# 加载的时候
response = {
'state': task.state,
'current': task.info.get('current', 0),
'total': task.info.get('total', 1),
'status': task.info.get('status', '')
}
if 'result' in task.info:
response['result'] = task.info['result']
else:
# 报错时候的输出
response = {
'state': task.state,
'current': 1,
'total': 1,
'status': str(task.info), # this is the exception raised
}
return jsonify(response)
4、完整代码
文件结构
--- current
--- templates
--- index.html
--- asyn_001.py
这个是asyn_001.py
import os
import random
import time
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, session, flash, redirect, \
url_for, jsonify
from flask_mail import Mail, Message
from celery import Celery
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'top-secret!'
# Flask-Mail configuration
app.config['MAIL_SERVER'] = 'smtp.qq.com'
app.config['MAIL_PORT'] = 465
# 启用/禁用传输安全层加密
app.config['MAIL_USE_TLS'] = False
# 启用/禁用安全套接字层加密
app.config['MAIL_USE_SSL'] = True
app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'] = '我的QQ邮箱@qq.com'
app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD'] = '我的QQ邮箱授权码'
app.config['MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER'] = '我的QQ邮箱@qq.com'
# Celery configuration
app.config['CELERY_BROKER_URL'] = 'redis://localhost:6379/0'
app.config['CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND'] = 'redis://localhost:6379/0'
# Initialize extensions
mail = Mail(app)
@app.route("/send_mail")
def index11():
# sender：发件人 recipients：收件人
msg = Message('Hello', sender = app.config['MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER'], recipients = ['目标邮箱@qq.com'])
msg.body = "来自python--flask框架发送的邮件内容~"
mail.send(msg)#发送Message类对象的内容
return "发送成功"
# Initialize Celery
celery = Celery(app.name, broker=app.config['CELERY_BROKER_URL'])
celery.conf.update(app.config)
@celery.task
def send_async_email(email_data):
"""Background task to send an email with Flask-Mail."""
msg = Message(email_data['subject'],
sender=app.config['MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER'],
recipients=[email_data['to']])
msg.body = email_data['body']
with app.app_context():
mail.send(msg)
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('index.html', email=session.get('email', ''))
email = request.form['email']
session['email'] = email
# send the email
email_data = {
'subject': 'Hello from Flask',
'to': email,
'body': '来自python--flask框架延时发送的邮件内容~'
}
if request.form['submit'] == 'Send':
# send right away
send_async_email.delay(email_data)
print('here!--')
flash('Sending email to {0}'.format(email))
else:
# send in one minute
send_async_email.apply_async(args=[email_data], countdown=60)
flash('An email will be sent to {0} in one minute'.format(email))
return redirect(url_for('index'))
# bind为True，会传入self给被装饰的方法
@celery.task(bind=True)
def long_task(self):
"""带有进度条以及状态报告的 异步任务"""
verb = ['正在', '准备', '目前', '处于', '进行']
adjective = ['全速', '努力', '默默地', '认真', '快速']
noun = ['打开', '启动', '修复', '加载', '检查']
message = ''
total = random.randint(10, 50) # 随机取10~50的一个随机数
for i in range(total):
selectnow = random.random()
print(selectnow)
# 拼接上面三个lsit 随机的生成一些状态描述
if not message or selectnow < 0.25:
message = '{0} {1} {2}...'.format(random.choice(verb),
random.choice(adjective),
random.choice(noun))
# 更新Celery任务状态
self.update_state(state='PROGRESS',
meta={'current': i, 'total': total,
'status': message})
time.sleep(1)
# 返回字典
return {'current': 100, 'total': 100, 'status': '任务完成!',
'result': 42}
@app.route('/longtask', methods=['POST'])
def longtask():
task = long_task.apply_async()
return jsonify({}), 202, {'Location': url_for('taskstatus', task_id=task.id)}
@app.route('/status/<task_id>')
def taskstatus(task_id):
task = long_task.AsyncResult(task_id)
# print(task.state)
if task.state == 'PENDING':
# PENDING的时候 如果一直PENDING可能是celery没开启
response = {
'state': task.state,
'current': 0,
'total': 1,
'status': 'Pending...'
}
elif task.state != 'FAILURE':
# 加载的时候
response = {
'state': task.state,
'current': task.info.get('current', 0),
'total': task.info.get('total', 1),
'status': task.info.get('status', '')
}
if 'result' in task.info:
response['result'] = task.info['result']
else:
# 报错时候的输出
response = {
'state': task.state,
'current': 1,
'total': 1,
'status': str(task.info), # this is the exception raised
}
return jsonify(response)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
这个是index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Flask + Celery 示例</title>
<style>
.progress {
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Flask + Celery 示例</h1>
<h2>Example 1: 发送异步邮件</h2>
{% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
<p style="color: red;">{{ message }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<form method="POST">
<p>Send test email to: <input type="text" name="email" value="{{ email }}"></p>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send in 1 minute">
</form>
<hr>
<h2>Example 2: 生成进度条以及状态报告</h2>
<!--<button οnclick="start_long_task();">Start Long Calculation</button><br><br>-->
<button id="start-bg-job">Start Long Calculation</button><br><br>
<div id="progress"></div>
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/nanobar/0.2.1/nanobar.min.js"></script>
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
function start_long_task() {
// add task status elements
div = $('<div class="progress"><div></div><div>0%</div><div>...</div><div> </div></div><hr>');
$('#progress').append(div);
// create a progress bar
var nanobar = new Nanobar({
bg: '#44f',
target: div[0].childNodes[0]
});
// send ajax POST request to start background job
$.ajax({
type: 'POST',
url: '/longtask',
success: function(data, status, request) {
status_url = request.getResponseHeader('Location');
console.log("status_url", status_url,"nanobar", nanobar, "div[0]", div[0])
console.log("data", data)
update_progress(status_url, nanobar, div[0]);
},
error: function() {
alert('Unexpected error');
}
});
}
function update_progress(status_url, nanobar, status_div) {
// send GET request to status URL
$.getJSON(status_url, function(data) {
// update UI
percent = parseInt(data['current'] * 100 / data['total']);
nanobar.go(percent);
$(status_div.childNodes[1]).text(percent + '%');
$(status_div.childNodes[2]).text(data['status']);
if (data['state'] != 'PENDING' && data['state'] != 'PROGRESS') {
if ('result' in data) {
// show result
$(status_div.childNodes[3]).text('Result: ' + data['result']);
}
else {
// something unexpected happened
$(status_div.childNodes[3]).text('Result: ' + data['state']);
}
}
else {
// rerun in 2 seconds
setTimeout(function() {
update_progress(status_url, nanobar, status_div);
}, 2000);
}
});
}
$(function() {
$('#start-bg-job').click(start_long_task);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
5、启动任务
终端cd到current文件夹所在目录
启动asyn_001程序，即可观察到异步任务的执行。
6、遇到的问题
在用5种的启动方法启动后，运行代码偶然间碰到下图这样的错误
一个快速的解决方法是使事情成为单线程的。为此，在启动 celery worker 时将 celery 的 worker pool 类型设置为solo
celery -A your_proj worker -P solo -l info
7、监控celery异步任务的运行
celery -A your_proj flower --address=0.0.0.0 --port=5566 -l info -B
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