Android 7.0之FileProvider——通过FileProvider来获取content uri

本文详细介绍了在Android 7.0中如何使用FileProvider获取content uri,以应对私有文件访问的安全性需求。FileProvider作为ContentProvider的子类,将file路径转化为content uri,提供更安全的文件共享方式。内容包括在AndroidManifest.xml中声明Provider,配置FileProvider文件共享路径,使用FileProvider,授予uri临时权限等步骤。
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前言

随着Android 7.0的到来,为了进一步提高私有文件的安全性,Android不再由开发者放宽私有文件的访问权限,之前我们一直使用"file:///"绝对路径来传递文件地址的方式,在接收方访问时很容易触发SecurityException的异常。

因此,为了更好的适配Android 7.0,例如相机拍照这类涉及到文件地址传递的地方就用上了FileProvider,FileProvider也更好地进入了大家的视野。

其实FileProvider是ContentProvider的一个特殊子类,本质上还是基于ContentProvider的实现,FileProvider会把"file:///"的路径转换为特定的"content://"形式的content uri,接收方通过这个uri再使用ContentResolver去媒体库查询解析。

 

使用示例

1.在AndroidManifest.xml里声明Provider

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    package="com.example.myapp"> 
      <application        
          ...>  
          <provider     
              android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider" //指向系统里的FileProvider类
              android:authorities="com.example.myapp.fileprovider" //对应你的content uri的基础域名,生成的uri将以content://com.example.myapp.fileprovider作为开头
              android:grantUriPermissions="true" //设置允许获取访问uri的临时权限
              android:exported="false"//设置不允许导出,我们的
package com.example.tigongzhe; import android.R.integer; import android.content.ContentProvider; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Context; import android.content.UriMatcher; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import android.net.Uri; import android.provider.SyncStateContract.Helpers; import android.text.Selection; import android.util.Log; public class provider extends ContentProvider { private MyOpenHelper myOpenHelper; private SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase; private static final UriMatcher URI_MATCHER=new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); private final String TAG="provider"; private static final String authority="com.example.tigongzhe.provider"; static { URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter", 1); URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter/#", 2); } private static final String _id="id"; private static final String name="name"; private static final String num="num"; @Override public boolean onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub myOpenHelper=new MyOpenHelper(getContext(), DB_Name, null, version_1); return true; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 2: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/contacter"; case 1: return "vnd.android.dir.item/contacter"; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); break; case 2: long id=sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id); default: break; } return uri; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3, String arg4) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Cursor cursor; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); arg2=(arg2==null||"".equals(arg2.trim()))? _id+"="+id:arg2+"and"+_id+"="+id; cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("参数错误"); } return cursor; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))? _id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); default: break; } return num; } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))?_id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } return num; } private final String DB_Name = "mydb.db"; private final String Table_Name="contacter"; private final int version_1=1; private class MyOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public MyOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); } /** * @description 当数据表无连接时创建新的表 */ @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { String sql = " create table if not exists " + Table_Name + "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + "name varchar(64),num varchar(64))"; db.execSQL(sql); } /** * @description 当版本更新时触发的方法 */ @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { String sql = " drop table if exists " + Table_Name; db.execSQL(sql); onCreate(db); } } } +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.tigongzhe" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="18" /> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name="com.example.tigongzhe.MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <provider android:name=".provider" android:authorities="com.example.tigongzhe.provider" android:multiprocess="true" android:exported="true" android:permission="com.example.tigongzhe.permission" ></provider> </application> <permission android:name="com.example.tigongzhe.permission" android:protectionLevel="normal"></permission> </manifest> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++package com.example.tigongzhe; import android.R.integer; import android.content.ContentProvider; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Context; import android.content.UriMatcher; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import android.net.Uri; import android.provider.SyncStateContract.Helpers; import android.text.Selection; import android.util.Log; public class provider extends ContentProvider { private MyOpenHelper myOpenHelper; private SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase; private static final UriMatcher URI_MATCHER=new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); private final String TAG="provider"; private static final String authority="com.example.tigongzhe.provider"; static { URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter", 1); URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter/#", 2); } private static final String _id="id"; private static final String name="name"; private static final String num="num"; @Override public boolean onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub myOpenHelper=new MyOpenHelper(getContext(), DB_Name, null, version_1); return true; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 2: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/contacter"; case 1: return "vnd.android.dir.item/contacter"; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); break; case 2: long id=sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id); default: break; } return uri; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3, String arg4) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Cursor cursor; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); arg2=(arg2==null||"".equals(arg2.trim()))? _id+"="+id:arg2+"and"+_id+"="+id; cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("参数错误"); } return cursor; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))? _id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); default: break; } return num; } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))?_id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } return num; } private final String DB_Name = "mydb.db"; private final String Table_Name="contacter"; private final int version_1=1; private class MyOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public MyOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); } /** * @description 当数据表无连接时创建新的表 */ @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { String sql = " create table if not exists " + Table_Name + "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + "name varchar(64),num varchar(64))"; db.execSQL(sql); } /** * @description 当版本更新时触发的方法 */ @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { String sql = " drop table if exists " + Table_Name; db.execSQL(sql); onCreate(db); } } }
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