Docker学习系列（四）——操作篇：Dockerfile的编写

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-27 19:41:01 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-27 19:41:01 发布

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分类专栏：学习笔记和实验记录随笔 Docker 文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42073290/article/details/114150753

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一般流程：

编写docker文件
docker build构建成为一个镜像
docker run 运行镜像
docker push 发布镜像

在这里插入图片描述
Docker can build images automatically by reading the instructions from a Dockerfile. A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image. Using docker build users can create an automated build that executes several command-line instructions in succession.

Dockerfile文件格式如下:

# Comment
INSTRUCTION arguments

1、Dockerfile的指令

指令	说明
FROM	基础镜像， Dockerfile文件从这里开始
MAINTAINER	镜像是谁写的（维护者信息）
RUN	镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD	The ADD instruction copies new files, directories or remote file URLs from and adds them to the filesystem of the image at the path . ，复制文件自动解压
WORKDIR	镜像的工作目录
VOLUME	挂载的目录
EXPOSE	保留端口的配置
CMD	指定这个容器启动时要运行的命令，只有最后一个才会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT	指定这个容器启动时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD	当构建一个被继承Dockerfile这个时候就会运行该指令。
COPY	复制文件
ENV	构建时候设置环境变量

2 案例：

# centos的官方镜像没有 tree ifconfig命令

[root@localhost testdocker]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago   209MB
[root@localhost testdocker]# docker run -it --name centos01 centos:latest /bin/bash
[root@58c794c4eca7 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@58c794c4eca7 /]# cd /home/
[root@58c794c4eca7 home]# tree
bash: tree: command not found
[root@58c794c4eca7 home]# ifconfig
bash: clear: ifconfig not found
[root@58c794c4eca7 home]# [root@localhost testdocker]# 
[root@localhost testdocker]# ls
mydfcentos

# 1 根据需求，写dockerfile

[root@localhost testdocker]# vi mydfcentos 
[root@localhost testdocker]# cat mydfcentos 
FROM centos
MAINTAINER fancy<23XXXXXX52@qq.com>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install tree
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "-----end-------"
CMD /bin/bash
[root@localhost testdocker]#


# 2 通过这个文件构建镜像
[root@localhost testdocker]# docker build -f mydfcentos -t mycentos:0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/10 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER fancy<2310403052@qq.com>
 ---> Running in 94af9ad614a2
Removing intermediate container 94af9ad614a2
 ---> 16134c96d09c
Step 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Running in 05f220b1505b
Removing intermediate container 05f220b1505b
 ---> e04508df11a9
Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Running in a815783377fd
Removing intermediate container a815783377fd
 ---> 8361aa5d51d8
Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install tree
。。。
。。。
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in eaf547e75afd
Removing intermediate container eaf547e75afd
 ---> c2662a2a961d
Successfully built c2662a2a961d
Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1
[root@localhost testdocker]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mycentos     0.1       c2662a2a961d   12 minutes ago   264MB
centos       latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago     209MB


# 3 运行刚才制作的镜像
[root@localhost testdocker]# docker run -it --name mycentos01 mycentos:0.1

# 此时进入了容器内部，尝试输入命令ifconfig
[root@04bbe3830a7e local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.3  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 36  bytes 6287 (6.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

# 默认工作路径
# ENV MYPATH /usr/local
# WORKDIR $MYPATH
[root@04bbe3830a7e local]# pwd
/usr/local

[root@04bbe3830a7e ~]# pwd
/root
[root@04bbe3830a7e ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  anaconda-post.log  original-ks.cfg
[root@04bbe3830a7e ~]# tree
.
|-- anaconda-ks.cfg
|-- anaconda-post.log
`-- original-ks.cfg

0 directories, 3 files

补充：查看镜像的制作（推测）

[root@localhost testdocker]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
mycentos     0.1       c2662a2a961d   About an hour ago   264MB
centos       latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago        209MB
[root@localhost testdocker]# docker history c2662a2a961d
IMAGE          CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
c2662a2a961d   About an hour ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin…   0B        
264365743e1e   About an hour ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
07129637df28   About an hour ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
4f745e67d3eb   About an hour ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B        
599676abbae9   About an hour ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools             22.7MB    
70918d97218d   About an hour ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install tree                  31.9MB    
8361aa5d51d8   About an hour ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local            0B        
e04508df11a9   About an hour ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYPATH=/usr/local        0B        
16134c96d09c   About an hour ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER fancy<23104030…   0B        
300e315adb2f   2 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B        
<missing>      2 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B        
<missing>      2 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:bd7a2aed6ede423b7…   209MB

如何发布自己的镜像？

# 1、 注册https://hub.docker.com/ 账号
# 2、 登陆服务器
[root@localhost testdocker]# docker login -u fXXXXX
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@localhost testdocker]# 

[root@localhost testdocker]# docker tag c2662a2a961d fXXXXX/mycentos:1.0
[root@localhost testdocker]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
fXXXXX/mycentos   1.0       c2662a2a961d   21 hours ago   264MB
mycentos            0.1       c2662a2a961d   21 hours ago   264MB
centos              latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago   209MB

# 3 提交
[root@localhost testdocker]# docker push fXXXXX/mycentos:1.0
The push refers to repository [docker.io/fXXXXX/mycentos]
6a1c957064f0: Pushed 
389a478c3967: Pushed 
2653d992f4ef: Pushed 
1.0: digest: sha256:5b0ce7a33fe586653b131b7dace000f565f53063d5823a5a3560dc597cd3bea3 size: 953