主要参考的资料:
源文件位置:linux/include/linux/dma-mapping.h
doc位置:
Documentation/core-api/dma-api-howto.rst
Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst
在dma-api-howto.rst中描述了how to use the DMA API,
CPU 和 DMA 地址
DMA API 涉及多种地址,了解它们的区别很重要。
内核通常使用虚拟地址。 kmalloc()、vmalloc() 和类似接口返回的任何地址都是虚拟地址,可以存储在 void *.
虚拟内存系统(TLB、页表等)将虚拟地址转换为 CPU 物理地址,存储为“phys_addr_t”或“resource_size_t”。内核将寄存器等设备资源作为物理地址进行管理。这些是 /proc/iomem 中的地址。物理地址对驱动程序没有直接用处;它必须使用 ioremap() 来映射空间并产生一个虚拟地址。
I/O 设备使用第三种地址:“总线地址”。如果设备在 MMIO 地址上有寄存器,或者如果它执行 DMA 来读取或写入系统内存,则设备使用的地址是总线地址。在某些系统中,总线地址与 CPU 物理地址相同,但通常情况并非如此。 IOMMU 和主机桥可以在物理地址和总线地址之间产生任意映射。
从设备的角度来看,DMA 使用总线地址空间,但它可能仅限于该空间的子集。例如,即使系统支持主存和 PCI BAR 的 64 位地址,它也可能使用 IOMMU,因此设备只需要使用 32 位 DMA 地址。
static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr)
{
debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr);
if (unlikely(dma_addr == DMA_MAPPING_ERROR))
return -ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
dma_addr_t dma_map_page_attrs(struct device *dev, struct page *page,
size_t offset, size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir,
unsigned long attrs);
void dma_unmap_page_attrs(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t addr, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction dir, unsigned long attrs);
unsigned int dma_map_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir, unsigned long attrs);
void dma_unmap_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir,
unsigned long attrs);
int dma_map_sgtable(struct device *dev, struct sg_table *sgt,
enum dma_data_direction dir, unsigned long attrs);
dma_addr_t dma_map_resource(struct device *dev, phys_addr_t phys_addr,
size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir, unsigned long attrs);
void dma_unmap_resource(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t addr, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction dir, unsigned long attrs);
void dma_sync_single_for_cpu(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t addr, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction dir);
void dma_sync_single_for_device(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t addr,
size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir);
void dma_sync_sg_for_cpu(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
int nelems, enum dma_data_direction dir);
void dma_sync_sg_for_device(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
int nelems, enum dma_data_direction dir);
void *dma_alloc_attrs(struct device *dev, size_t size, dma_addr_t *dma_handle,
gfp_t flag, unsigned long attrs);
void dma_free_attrs(struct device *dev, size_t size, void *cpu_addr,
dma_addr_t dma_handle, unsigned long attrs);
void *dmam_alloc_attrs(struct device *dev, size_t size, dma_addr_t *dma_handle,
gfp_t gfp, unsigned long attrs);
void dmam_free_coherent(struct device *dev, size_t size, void *vaddr,
dma_addr_t dma_handle);
int dma_get_sgtable_attrs(struct device *dev, struct sg_table *sgt,
void *cpu_addr, dma_addr_t dma_addr, size_t size,
unsigned long attrs);
int dma_mmap_attrs(struct device *dev, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
void *cpu_addr, dma_addr_t dma_addr, size_t size,
unsigned long attrs);
bool dma_can_mmap(struct device *dev);
bool dma_pci_p2pdma_supported(struct device *dev);
int dma_set_mask(struct device *dev, u64 mask);
int dma_set_coherent_mask(struct device *dev, u64 mask);
u64 dma_get_required_mask(struct device *dev);
size_t dma_max_mapping_size(struct device *dev);
size_t dma_opt_mapping_size(struct device *dev);
bool dma_need_sync(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr);
unsigned long dma_get_merge_boundary(struct device *dev);
struct sg_table *dma_alloc_noncontiguous(struct device *dev, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction dir, gfp_t gfp, unsigned long attrs);
void dma_free_noncontiguous(struct device *dev, size_t size,
struct sg_table *sgt, enum dma_data_direction dir);
void *dma_vmap_noncontiguous(struct device *dev, size_t size,
struct sg_table *sgt);
void dma_vunmap_noncontiguous(struct device *dev, void *vaddr);
int dma_mmap_noncontiguous(struct device *dev, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
size_t size, struct sg_table *sgt);