python第二版第三章_python从入门到实践第三章——列表

'''

列表：列表名=[, , ,...]

'''

bicycle = ['trek','cannondale','redline']

print(bicycle)

'''

访问列表元素：列表名【索引号】

索引号从0开始而不是从1开始

返回最后一个列表元素：列表名[-1]

返回倒数第二个元素：列表名【-2】

主要用于不知道列表多长时使用

'''

bicycle = ['trek','cannondale','redline']

print(bicycle[0].title())

print(bicycle[-1])

'''

使用列表中的值

'''

bicycle = ['trek','cannonda','redline']

message = 'my first bicycle was a '+bicycle[1].title()+'.'

print(message)

'''

修改，添加和删除元素：

修改：列表名[索引] = 新元素

添加：将元素添加到列表末尾：.append()

'''

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

print(motorcycles)

motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'

print(motorcycles)

motorcycles.append('ducati')

print(motorcycles)

'''

创建一个空列表然后在其中添加yuansu

'''

motorcycles = []

motorcycles.append('honda')

motorcycles.append('yamaha')

motorcycles.append('suzuki')

print(motorcycles)

'''

在列表中插入元素：

insert(索引，值)

'''

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

motorcycles.insert(0,'ducati')

print(motorcycles)

'''

从列表中删除元素：

del 列表名[索引号]

'''

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

del motorcycles[1]

print(motorcycles)

'''

.pop():将列表最后一个元素删除

.pop(索引号)：将指定位置的元素删除

'''

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

popped_motorcycles = motorcycles.pop()

print(popped_motorcycles)

print(motorcycles)

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

print('the last motorcycle i own was a '+motorcycles.pop(1).title())

print(motorcycles)

'''

del 语句与.pop()的区别：

这个数据不在已任何方式使用它就用del。这个数据删除但还想再使用它用.pop()

'''

'''

不知道列表中元素所在的位置但是知道要删除什么值

.remove(元素)

'''

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

motorcycles.remove('honda')

print(motorcycles)

print(motorcycles.remove('honda'))这条语句输出为空

如果想要将.remove()的值保存继续使用需要事先将其保存在另一个变量里

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

too_expensive = 'honda'

motorcycles.remove('honda')

print(motorcycles)

print('\nA '+too_expensive+' is too expensive for me')

'''

排序：

.sort():永久性排序，且从小到大，顺序排列

.sort(reverse=true):反序排列

.sorted(列表名):临时排序：保留原来的顺序，同时按照特定的顺序排列

sorted(列表名，reverse= True)：临时倒序排列。

'''

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

motorcycles.sort()

print(motorcycles)

print('--------')

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

motorcycles.sort(reverse=True)#注意大小写

print(motorcycles)

print('--------')

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

print('the original list is')

print(motorcycles)

print('the changed list is')

print(sorted(motorcycles))#临时排序

print('the original list is')

print(motorcycles)

'''

倒着打印：.reverse()

'''

print('--------')

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

motorcycles.reverse()

print(motorcycles)

确定列表长度len(列表)

print('--------')

motorcycles = ['honda','yamaha','suzuki']

print(len(motorcycles))