我有一个用逗号分隔的文件,正在格式化以使用printf创建2列.我正在使用awk将内容分组到相似的组中,以便可以将它们打印到格式正确的列中.
格式化是可行的,但是数组的内容会换行,而不是换行.
输入文件示例:
1,test,test1,test1
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2
2,test,test1,test2`
使用的命令:
awk -F"," 'NR>1 {a[$3]=a[$3] ? a[$3]", "$4" ("$2")" : $4" ("$2")"}
END {for (i in a) {print i":"a[i]}}' test.dat |
sort |
awk -F":" 'BEGIN { printf "%-15s %-10s\n", "COLUMN1","COLUMN2"; printf "%-15s %-10s\n", "-----------","----------"}
{ printf "%-15s %-10s\n", $1,$2}'
我也知道并尝试使用列-t -s“,”和pr
结果类似于(模拟示例):
COLUMN1 COLUMN2
======== =======
1 test1
2 test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2,test2, test2, test2,test2, test2, test2, test2, test2
如何包装第二列(如果第一列过长,即使第一列也是如此)以使其适合其框架?
COLUMN1 COLUMN2
======== =======
1 test1
2 test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2,test2, test2,
test2,test2, test2, test2, test2, test2
解决方法:
假设您发布的样本输入和您说得到的输出,让我们假设这是原始脚本正在执行的操作:
$cat tst.awk
BEGIN { FS=","; OFS="\t" }
{ vals[$1] = ($1 in vals ? vals[$1] ", " : "") $4 }
END {
print "column1", "column2"
print "=======", "======="
for (key in vals) {
print key, vals[key]
}
}
$awk -f tst.awk file
column1 column2
======= =======
1 test1
2 test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2
这是您提出问题的一个很好的起点,现在您想包装每一列吗?如果是这样的话,那么我将利用现有的UNIX工具(例如fold或fmt)为您打包,这样您就不必编写自己的代码来处理空格与中间词等的拆分:
$cat tst.awk
BEGIN { FS=","; OFS="\t" }
{ vals[$1] = ($1 in vals ? vals[$1] ", " : "") $4 }
END {
print "column1", "column2"
print "=======", "======="
for (key in vals) {
numKeyLines = wrap(key,15,keyArr)
numValLines = wrap(vals[key],50,valArr)
numLines = (numKeyLines > numValLines ? numKeyLines : numValLines)
for (lineNr=1; lineNr<=numLines; lineNr++) {
print keyArr[lineNr], valArr[lineNr]
}
}
}
function wrap(inStr,wid,outArr, cmd,line,numLines) {
if ( length(inStr) > wid ) {
cmd = "printf \047%s\n\047 \"" inStr "\" | fold -s -w " wid+0
while ( (cmd | getline line) > 0 ) {
outArr[++numLines] = line
}
close(cmd)
}
else {
outArr[++numLines] = inStr
}
return numLines+0
}
.
$awk -f tst.awk file
column1 column2
======= =======
1 test1
2 test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2,
test2, test2, test2, test2, test2
如果您有很多需要包装的字段,那么由于每次折叠都会生成一个子外壳,所以它不会很快,所以这里有一个全awk版本,它会在可能的情况下分开,测试边缘情况并按摩到适合:
$cat tst.awk
BEGIN { FS=","; OFS="\t" }
{ vals[$1] = ($1 in vals ? vals[$1] ", " : "") $4 }
END {
print "column1", "column2"
print "=======", "======="
for (key in vals) {
numKeyLines = wrap(key,15,keyArr)
numValLines = wrap(vals[key],50,valArr)
numLines = (numKeyLines > numValLines ? numKeyLines : numValLines)
for (lineNr=1; lineNr<=numLines; lineNr++) {
print keyArr[lineNr], valArr[lineNr]
}
}
}
function wrap(inStr,wid,outArr, lineEnd,numLines) {
while ( length(inStr) > wid ) {
lineEnd = ( match(substr(inStr,1,wid),/.*[[:space:]]/) ? RLENGTH - 1 : wid )
outArr[++numLines] = substr(inStr,1,lineEnd)
inStr = substr(inStr,lineEnd+1)
sub(/^[[:space:]]+/,"",inStr)
}
outArr[++numLines] = inStr
return numLines
}
$awk -f tst.awk file
column1 column2
======= =======
1 test1
2 test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2, test2,
test2, test2, test2, test2, test2
标签:bash,linux,awk
来源: https://codeday.me/bug/20191012/1899620.html