面向对象编程（基础）——4.构造方法

构造方法

public class Employee {
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    private LocalDate hireDay;
    public Employee(String n, double s, int year,int month,int day) {
        name = n;
        salary = s;
        hireDay = LocalDate.of(year,month,day);
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }
    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    public LocalDate getHireDay() {
        return hireDay;
    }
    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent){
        double raise = salary*byPercent/100;
        salary += raise;
    }
}

 public Employee(String n, double s, int year,int month,int day) {
        name = n;
        salary = s;
        hireDay = LocalDate.of(year,month,day);
    }

构造器与类同名，在构造Employee类的对象时，构造器会运行，从而将实例字段初始化为所希望的初始状态。、
例如，使用下面这条代码创建Employee类的实例时：

new Employee("Vicky",100000,1997,4,24)

会将实例字段设置为：

name = "Vicky";
salary = 100000
hireDay = LocalData.of(1997,4,24)

构造器的一些内容：

1. 构造器与类同名
2. 每个类可以有一个以上的构造器
3. 构造器可以有0个，1个或多个参数
4. 构造器没有返回值
5. 构造器总是伴随着new操作符一起调用

构造方法的重载

public class User {
    int id; // id
    String name; // 账户名
    String pwd; // 密码
    public User() {
 
    }
    public User(int id, String name) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User u1 = new User();
        User u2 = new User(1, "vicky");
        User u3 = new User(2, "Lili", "123456");     
    }
}

如果方法构造中形参名与属性名相同时，需要使用this关键字区分属性与形参。
this.id 表示属性id;id表示形参id