QT中学习Opengl---（GLSL简单的使用）

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已于 2022-02-07 19:38:07 修改

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分类专栏： Qt之Opengl 文章标签： qt c++ opengl QWidget GLEL

于 2022-02-07 19:36:08 首次发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42126427/article/details/122813036

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前言：

本文的代码是 LearnOpenGL 中对应代码，这里提供学习，大家喜欢的可去官方网站去看看:

https://learnopengl-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/https://learnopengl-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/本章简单讲解GLSL 中的简单使用，详细知识点请查阅对应书籍

GLSL：

着色器是使用一种叫GLSL的类C语言写成的。 GLSL是为图形计算量身定制的，它包含针对向
量和矩阵操作的有用特性。

比如我们顶点着色器写成：

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position; // 位置变量的属性为0
out vec4 vertexColor; // 为片段着色器指定一个颜色输出
void main()
{
gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); // 把一个vec3作为vec4的构造器的参数
vertexColor = vec4(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // 把输出颜色设置为暗红色
}

这里我们看到有layout out ,其实我们常用的就是 in out 、layout、uniform这几个，下面我给你们讲下基本情况，大家也就了解了。

in 与 out

在shader.vs 文件下：

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
out vec4 vertexColor;
void main()
{
    gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z, 1.0);
    vertexColor = vec4(0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
}

在shader.fs 文件下：

#version 330 core
out vec4 color;
in vec4 vertexColor;
void main()
{
    color = vertexColor;//RGBA
}

我们可以看到里面都有个变量vertexColor，在顶点着色器中输出，然后在片段着色器接受，然后在给颜色。

输出结果：

如何理解in 与 out 呢：

如图，in 就是给这个着色器的值，out 就是送出去的值。这下，你懂了吧。

全部代码：

#ifndef BKQOPENGLW_H
#define BKQOPENGLW_H

#include <QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core>
#include <QOpenGLShaderProgram>
class BKQOpenglW : public QOpenGLWidget, QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    enum Shape{None,Rect,circle,Triangle};
    explicit BKQOpenglW(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~BKQOpenglW();
    void drawShapes(Shape shape);
    void setWireFrame(bool b);
protected:
    virtual void initializeGL();
    virtual void resizeGL(int w, int h);
    virtual void paintGL();

signals:

public slots:

private:
unsigned int VBO, VAO;
Shape m_Shape;
QOpenGLShaderProgram shaderProgram;
};

#endif // BKQOPENGLW_H

cpp

#include "bkqopenglw.h"
#include<iostream>
const float vertices[] = {
    -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // left
     0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // right
     0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f  // top
};

//顶点着色器
const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
    "}\0";
//片段着色器
const char *fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "out vec4 FragColor;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
    "}\n\0";

BKQOpenglW::BKQOpenglW(QWidget *parent) : QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{

}

BKQOpenglW::~BKQOpenglW()
{
    makeCurrent();
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1,&VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1,&VBO);
    doneCurrent();
}

void BKQOpenglW::drawShapes(BKQOpenglW::Shape shape)
{
    m_Shape = shape;
    update();
}

void BKQOpenglW::setWireFrame(bool b)
{
    makeCurrent();
    if(b)
    {
       glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
    }
    else {
       glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
    }
    update();
    doneCurrent();
}

void BKQOpenglW::initializeGL()
{
    initializeOpenGLFunctions();
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    // bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s), and then configure vertex attributes(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), nullptr);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    // note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the vertex attribute's bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

    // You can unbind the VAO afterwards so other VAO calls won't accidentally modify this VAO, but this rarely happens. Modifying other
    // VAOs requires a call to glBindVertexArray anyways so we generally don't unbind VAOs (nor VBOs) when it's not directly necessary.
    glBindVertexArray(0);


//    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,vertexShaderSource);
//    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,fragmentShaderSource);
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,":/shader/shader.vs");
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,":/shader/shader.fs");
    shaderProgram.link();
    //链接着色器

}

void BKQOpenglW::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
       glViewport(0,0,w,h);
}

void BKQOpenglW::paintGL()
{
    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    shaderProgram.bind();
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    switch (m_Shape) {
        case Triangle:
            glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,3);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

}

layout

我们先看基本标识：

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 aColor;
out vec3 outColor;
void main()
{
    gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z, 1.0);
    outColor = aColor;
}

#version 330 core
out vec4 color;
in vec3 outColor;
void main()
{
    color = vec4(outColor,1.0f);//RGBA
}

这里有location = 0，1.这里就是对应变量的编号。比如我想把顶点写成

float vertices[] = {
       // positions         // colors
        0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,  // bottom right
       -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // bottom left
        0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f   // top

   };

前边是位置，后面是颜色值，那我们要告诉gpu改如何操作，于是下面代码你就懂了：

glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// color attribute
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

第一参数就是对应的location，然后最后一个是偏移量。这下你懂了吧。

int nPos =  shaderProgram.attributeLocation("position");
glVertexAttribPointer(nPos, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), nullptr);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(nPos);

我们使用qt中找到对应的pos值也是可以的。

输出结果：

cpp代码：

#include "bkqopenglw.h"
#include<iostream>
float vertices[] = {
       // positions         // colors
        0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,  // bottom right
       -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // bottom left
        0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f   // top

   };


BKQOpenglW::BKQOpenglW(QWidget *parent) : QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{

}

BKQOpenglW::~BKQOpenglW()
{
    makeCurrent();
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1,&VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1,&VBO);
    doneCurrent();
}

void BKQOpenglW::drawShapes(BKQOpenglW::Shape shape)
{
    m_Shape = shape;
    update();
}

void BKQOpenglW::setWireFrame(bool b)
{
    makeCurrent();
    if(b)
    {
       glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
    }
    else {
       glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
    }
    update();
    doneCurrent();
}

void BKQOpenglW::initializeGL()
{
    initializeOpenGLFunctions();

    //    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,vertexShaderSource);
    //    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,fragmentShaderSource);
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,":/shader/shader.vs");
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,":/shader/shader.fs");
    shaderProgram.link();

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    // bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s), and then configure vertex attributes(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    int nPos =  shaderProgram.attributeLocation("position");
    glVertexAttribPointer(nPos, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), nullptr);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(nPos);


    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    // note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the vertex attribute's bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

    // You can unbind the VAO afterwards so other VAO calls won't accidentally modify this VAO, but this rarely happens. Modifying other
    // VAOs requires a call to glBindVertexArray anyways so we generally don't unbind VAOs (nor VBOs) when it's not directly necessary.
    glBindVertexArray(0);



    //链接着色器

}

void BKQOpenglW::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
       glViewport(0,0,w,h);
}

void BKQOpenglW::paintGL()
{
    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    shaderProgram.bind();
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    switch (m_Shape) {
        case Triangle:
            glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,3);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

}

uniform

uniform是另一种从CPU应用向GPU着色器发送数据的方式，但uniform和顶点属性有点不
同。首先， uniform是全局的(Global)。这里全局的意思是uniform变量必须在所有着色器程序
对象中都是独一无二的，它可以在着色器程序的任何着色器任何阶段使用。第二，无论你把
uniform值设置成什么， uniform会一直保存它们的数据，直到它们被重置或更新。

我们先看基本标识：

#version 330 core
out vec4 color;
uniform vec4 vertexColor;
void main()
{
    color = vertexColor;//RGBA
}

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
void main()
{
    gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z, 1.0);

}

然后我们在代码中写到：

    shaderProgram.bind();
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("vertexColor",0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);

这个是qt提供的类使用的方法，原生方式：

    /*
        opengl 基本写法
        shaderProgram 为glCreateProgram() 返回值  这里可以调用这个shaderProgram.programId() 可以利用
    int vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "vertexColor");
    glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    */
   GLuint id = shaderProgram.programId();
    int vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(id, "vertexColor");
   glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

这里的id 就是你glCreateProgram()返回的值，原生态你要创建的链接器id

然后修改对应的数据：

输出结果：

全部代码：

#include "bkqopenglw.h"
#include<iostream>
const float vertices[] = {
    -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // left
     0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // right
     0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f  // top
};

BKQOpenglW::BKQOpenglW(QWidget *parent) : QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{

}

BKQOpenglW::~BKQOpenglW()
{
    makeCurrent();
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1,&VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1,&VBO);
    doneCurrent();
}

void BKQOpenglW::drawShapes(BKQOpenglW::Shape shape)
{
    m_Shape = shape;
    update();
}

void BKQOpenglW::setWireFrame(bool b)
{
    makeCurrent();
    if(b)
    {
       glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
    }
    else {
       glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
    }
    update();
    doneCurrent();
}

void BKQOpenglW::initializeGL()
{
    initializeOpenGLFunctions();

    //    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,vertexShaderSource);
    //    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,fragmentShaderSource);
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,":/shader/shader.vs");
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,":/shader/shader.fs");
    shaderProgram.link();




    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    // bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s), and then configure vertex attributes(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), nullptr);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    // note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the vertex attribute's bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

    // You can unbind the VAO afterwards so other VAO calls won't accidentally modify this VAO, but this rarely happens. Modifying other
    // VAOs requires a call to glBindVertexArray anyways so we generally don't unbind VAOs (nor VBOs) when it's not directly necessary.
    glBindVertexArray(0);

    /*
        opengl 基本写法
        shaderProgram 为glCreateProgram() 返回值  这里可以调用这个shaderProgram.programId() 可以利用
    int vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "vertexColor");
    glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    */
    shaderProgram.bind();
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("vertexColor",0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
//    GLuint id = shaderProgram.programId();
//    int vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(id, "vertexColor");
//    glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

    //链接着色器

}

void BKQOpenglW::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
       glViewport(0,0,w,h);
}

void BKQOpenglW::paintGL()
{
    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    shaderProgram.bind();
    //shaderProgram 写法

    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    switch (m_Shape) {
        case Triangle:
            glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,3);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

}

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QT中学习Opengl---（GLSL简单的使用）

前言：本文的代码是 LearnOpenGL 中对应代码，这里提供学习，大家喜欢的可去官方网站去看看:https://learnopengl-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/https://learnopengl-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/本章简单讲解GLSL 中的简单使用，详细知识点请查阅对应书籍GLSL：着色器是使用一种叫GLSL的类C语言写成的。 GLSL是为图形计算量身定制的，它包含针对向量和矩阵操作的有用特性。比如...
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