MySQL中建立tb_student表_MySQL中的创建库、表以及查询的基础语句

MySQL中的创建库、表以及查询语句对我们以后很好的应用数据库是很大有帮助的，本文中是对这些基础语 句的总结，希望会对大家有些帮助

1、创建与删除数据库

创建数据库

mysql> create database testdb;

mysql> create database if not exists testdb;

mysql> create schema if not exists student character set 'gbk' collate 'gbk_chinese_ci';

删除数据库

mysql> drop database testdb;

2、创建与删除表

CREATE TABLE [if not exists] tb_name(col_name,col_definstion,constraint)

创建表

mysql> create table tb (id int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,Name char(20)

not null,Age tinyint not null);

mysql> create table tb (id int unsigned not null auto_increment,Name char(20) not null,Age

tinyint not null,primary key(id));

mysql> create database mydb;

mysql> use mydb;

mysql> create table students(name char(20) not null,age tinyint unsigned,gender char(1)

not null);

mysql> create table courses(ID tinyint unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,Couse

varchar(50) not null);

mysql> create table courses(name char(20) not null,age tinyint unsigned,gender char(1)

not null);  ---从一张表中查出需要的数并创建为一个新表,但是很多字段的属 性没有存在，需要自己在重新定义

mysql> create table testcourses select * from courses where CID <=2;

以其它表为模板，创建一个新表,字段的属性还会存 在

mysql> create table test like courses;

删除表：DROP TABLE tb_name;

mysql> drop table testcourses;

3、修改表

ALTER TABLE tb_name;

mysql>alter table students change course Course varchar(100) after name;

mysql>alter table students add course varchar(100);

向表中插入数据

insert into tb_name (col，col2，....) values (val1,val2,....);

insert into tutors (Tname，Gender，Age) values ('jerry','M',24);  -----批量插入方式

insert into tutors set Tname='Tom',Genser='F',Age=30; -----只能实现 单个字段插入

insert into tutors (Tname,Gender,Age) select Name,Genser,Age from students where Age >=20

select * from tutors order by TID desc limit 1; -----查看降序的第一行

select last_insert_ID(); -----查询插入的最后一个序 列号

更改数据库

UPDATE tb_name SET column=value where

mysql>update students set Course='wg' where Name='j';   -----更改j的课程为wg

删除表中的某一字段

DELETE FROM students  WHERE Course='';

mysql>delete from students where Course='wg';

4、创建用户

CREATE USER 'USERNAME'@'HOST' IDENTIFIED BY 'PASSWORD';

mysql> create user 'jerry'@'%' identified by 'jerry';   - -----创建用户

修改用户密码的方法

1) mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'USERNAME'@'HOST'=PASSWORD('NEW_PASSWORD');

2) mysqladmin -uUSERNAME -hHOST -p password 'password'  ------不进入mysql修改 密码

mysqladmin -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -p passwd'123456'

3) mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('password') WHERE USER='root' AND

Host='127.0.0.1';

UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE USER='root' AND Host='127.0.0.1';

给用户授权

GRANT pri1,pri2,......ON DB_NAME.TB_NAME TO 'USERNAME'@'HOST' [IDENTIFIED BY 'password']

mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to 'jerry'@'%';   -----给用户所有权限

REVOKE pri1,pri2,.....ON DB_NAME.TB_NAME FROM 'USERNAME'@'HOST'

5、关于show命令

SHOW GRANTS FOR 'USERNAME'@'HOST'  -----查看用户的授权

mysql> show databases;    -----查看数据库

mysql> desc students; -----查看一张表的结够

mysql> show grants for 'jerry'@'%';    -----查看创建用户的信息

mysql> show character set;  -----查看当前服务器所支持的字符集

mysql> show collation; -----查看排序规则

mysql> show engines; -----查看数据库中的所有 引擎

mysql> show table status like 'user'; -----查看一张表的状态 信息(横向显示的)

mysql> show table status like 'user'G： -----查看一张表的状态信息(纵向 显示)

6、select语句练习

下面的语句查询操作所使用的数据库已经上添加到附件

简单语句查询

select * from students; ------显示表中的所有内容

select Name,Age from students; ------显示students表中的Name和Age列

select distict Gender from students; ------相同的内容只显示一次

选择students表中年龄大于20 的同学(以下三种方式)：

select * from students where Age>=20;

select Name,Age from students where Age>=20;

select Name,Age from students where Age+1>20;

查找年龄大于20的同学并且按降序排列:

select Name,Age from students where Age>20 order by Age desc;

年龄大于等于20并且是男性的同学:

select Name from students where Age>20 and Gender='M';

年龄不大于20的同学:

select Name,Age,Gender from students where not Age>20;

小于等于20的 女同学:

select Name,Age,Gender from students where not (Age>20 or Gender= ‘M’);

年龄在(21-24)之间的同学(以下两种方式)：

select Name，Age from students where Age>20 and Age<25;

select Name，Age from students where Age between 20 and 25;

显示以Y开头的名称(这里限定了姓名的长 度)("_"表示任意单个字符):

select Name from students where Name like 'Y___';

显示以Y开头的姓名：

select Name from students where Name like 'Y%';

名称中含有ing的名称(“%”表示任意长度 的任意字符):

select Name from students where Name like '%ing%';

显示以M或N或Y开头的名字(支持正则表达式):

select Name from students where Name rlike '^[MNY].*$';

显示年龄是18、20、25的同学：

select Name from students where Age IN (18,20,25);

显 示挑选课程号(CID1)为空的同学：

select Name from students where CID1 is null;

把查询后的结果进行降序排序(ASC升序，desc降序)

select Name,CID1 from students where CID1 is not null order by CID1 desc;

select Name AS Student_Name from students;显示查询的Name表头名变为name

隔两行数据向后取三行数据：

select Name from students limit 2,3;

所有同学的平均年龄:

select AVG(age) from students;

显示年龄最大的同学：

select MAX(age) from students;

显示年龄最小的同学：

select MIN(age) from students;

显示所有同学的年龄总和：

select SUM(age) from students;

显示所有同学的个数：

select count(age) from students;

显示所有男同学的平均年龄：

select AVG(age) from students where Gender=’M‘;

显示所有女同学的平均年龄：

select AVG(age ) from students where Gender=’F‘;

显示男女同学的平均年龄：

select Gender,avg(age) from students group by Gender;

显示选修CID1的同 学

select count(CID1) AS  Persons,CID1 from students group by CID1;

显示选修人数大于2的课程：

select count(CID1) AS  Persons,CID1 from students group by CID1 having Persons>=2;

多 表查询

每位同学及其他所学习的课程名称(以下四种方式)

select students.Name,courses.Cname from students，courses where students.CID1=courses.CID;

select s.Name,c.Cname from students AS s,courses AS c where s.CID1=c.CID;

select s.Name,c.Cname from students AS s left jion courses AS c on s.CID1=c.CID;(左连接)

select s.Name,c.Cname from students AS s right jion courses AS c on s.CID1=c.CID;(右连接)

显示各个同学与他相对 应的导师：

select c.Name as student,s.Name as teacher from students as s,students as c where

s.SID=c.TID;

显示每一位老师及其所 教授的课程；没有教授的课程保持为NULL:

select t.Tname,c.Cname from tutors as t left join courses as c on t.TID=c.TID;

显示每一个课程及其相关的老师，没有 老师教授的课程将其老师显示为空:

select t.Tname,c.Cname from tutors as t right jion courses as c on t.TID=c.TID;

显示每位同学CID1课程的课程名及其讲授 了相关课程的老师的名称：

select Name,Cname,Tname from students,courses,tutors where students.CID1=courses.CID

and courses.TID=tutors.TID;

查看同学的成绩及姓名，并且按升序排列：

select students.Name,scores.Score from students,scores where students.SID=scores.SID

order by scores.Score desc;

子查询

挑 选出courses表中没有被students中的CID2学习的课程的课程名称：

select Cname from courses where CID not IN (select CID2 from students where

CID2 is not null);

挑选出没有教授任何课程的老师，每个老师及其所教授课程的对应关系在courses表中 ：

select Tname from tutors where TID not in (select distinct TID from courses);

找出students表中CID1有两个或两个以上同学学习了的同一个门课程的课程 名称：

select Cname from courses where CID in (select CID1 from students group by CID1

having count(CID1) >=2);

年龄大于平均 年龄的同学：(使用子查询时，子查询只能返回单个值)：

select Name,Age from students where Age > (select avg(age) from students);

查询学生和老师各自的 年龄并写在一个表中：

(select Name，Age from students) union (select Tname， Age from tutors);

上面的就是关于MySQL的一些基础性总结，如果其中不对的地方还请大家指出