设计模式-观察者模式

💬定义

观察者模式是指当一个对象改变时，通知所有对其依赖的对象。

😀例子

源自：
https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/observer-pattern.html
📝观察者的父类

public abstract class Observer {
    protected Subject subject;

    public abstract void update();
}

📝二进制的观察者的实体类

public class BinaryObserver  extends Observer{
    public BinaryObserver(Subject subject){
        this.subject = subject;
        this.subject.attach(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void update() {
        System.out.println( "Binary String: "
                + Integer.toBinaryString( subject.getState() ) );
    }
}

📝八进制的观察者的实体类

public class OctalObserver extends Observer{

    public OctalObserver(Subject subject){
        this.subject = subject;
        this.subject.attach(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update() {
        System.out.println( "Octal String: "
                + Integer.toOctalString( subject.getState() ) );
    }
}

📝十六进制的观察者的实体类

public class HexaObserver extends Observer{

    public HexaObserver(Subject subject){
        this.subject = subject;
        this.subject.attach(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update() {
        System.out.println( "Hex String: "
                + Integer.toHexString( subject.getState() ).toUpperCase() );
    }
}

📝Subject类

public class Subject {
    private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();

    private int state;

    public int getState(){
        return state;
    }
    public void setState(int state){
        this.state = state;
        notifyAllObservers();
    }

    public void attach(Observer observer){
        observers.add(observer);
    }

    public void notifyAllObservers(){
        for(Observer observer : observers){
            observer.update();
        }
    }
}

📝测试类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Subject subject = new Subject();

        new HexaObserver(subject);
        new OctalObserver(subject);
        new BinaryObserver(subject);

        System.out.println("第一个状态: 15");
        subject.setState(15);
        System.out.println("第二个状态: 10");
        subject.setState(10);
    }
}

🎥 输出：

第一个状态: 15
Hex String: F
Octal String: 17
Binary String: 1111
第二个状态: 10
Hex String: A
Octal String: 12
Binary String: 1010

👻灵魂

每个观察者都有一个Subject的属性，而Subject有集合来保存所有的观察者，通过Subject的通知方法来遍历所有的观察者。