【python学习】基础篇-常用模块-datetime模块：处理日期和时间

datetime模块是Python中用于处理日期和时间的内置模块。以下是一些常用的datetime模块用法：

1. 获取当前日期和时间：

from datetime import datetime

now = datetime.now()
print(now)

2. 创建指定日期和时间的对象

from datetime import datetime

dt = datetime(2022, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)
print(dt)

3. 获取日期和时间的各个部分

from datetime import datetime

now = datetime.now()
year = now.year
month = now.month
day = now.day
hour = now.hour
minute = now.minute
second = now.second
microsecond = now.microsecond

print("年：", year)
print("月：", month)
print("日：", day)
print("时：", hour)
print("分：", minute)
print("秒：", second)
print("微秒：", microsecond)

4. 对日期和时间进行加减操作

from datetime import datetime, timedelta

now = datetime.now()
one_day = timedelta(days=1)
tomorrow = now + one_day
yesterday = now - one_day

print("明天：", tomorrow)
print("昨天：", yesterday)

5. 将日期和时间格式化为字符串

from datetime import datetime

now = datetime.now()
formatted_now = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(formatted_now)

6. 将字符串解析为日期和时间对象

from datetime import datetime

date_string = "2022-01-01 12:00:00"
dt = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(dt)

7.本地时间转换为UTC时间

from datetime import datetime
import pytz

# 获取本地时间
local_time = datetime.now()

# 将本地时间转换为UTC时间
utc_time = local_time.astimezone(pytz.utc)

print("本地时间：", local_time)
print("UTC时间：", utc_time)

8.UTC时间转为本地时间

from datetime import datetime
import pytz

# 获取UTC时间
utc_time = datetime.utcnow()

# 将UTC时间转换为本地时间
local_time = utc_time.astimezone(pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai'))

print("本地时间：", local_time)