python基础-列表、元组、字典(一)
python 列表
python列表的定义
cityList = ['shangHai','xiAn','chongQing',12,['19',10]]
列表种可以包含各种类型,也可以嵌套列表,使用下标获取列表的元素,也可以使用切片取值,切片取值的结果也是一个列表
获取列表的长度
len(cityList)
列表的增删改查
-
增
- append 在末尾增加
cityList = ['shangHai','xiAn','chongQing',12,['19',10]] cityList.append("Beijing") ['shangHai', 'xiAn', 'chongQing', 12, ['19', 10], 'Beijing']
- insert(1,‘abc’) 在指定位置index之前插入元素
cityList.insert(1,'Beijing') ['shangHai', 'Beijing', 'xiAn', 'chongQing', 12, ['19', 10]]
- list1.extend(list2) 将list2中的元素放入list1中
cityList = ['shangHai','xiAn','chongQing',12,['19',10]] cList = ['London','NewYork','Washington'] cityList.extend(cList) ['shangHai', 'xiAn', 'chongQing', 12, ['19', 10], 'London', 'NewYork', 'Washington']
-
删
- del li[0]可以根据下标删除,也可以根据切片删除 del cityList[1:3] 左开右闭
cityList = ['shangHai','xiAn','chongQing',12,['19',10]] del cityList[1] print(list(cityList)) ['shangHai', 'chongQing', 12, ['19', 10]] cityList = ['shangHai','xiAn','chongQing',12,['19',10]] del cityList[1:3] ['shangHai', 12, ['19', 10]]
- 使用pop,默认删除最后一个元素,也可以删除指定位置的元素,并将其返回 list.pop(1)
cityList = ['shangHai','xiAn','chongQing',12,['19',10]] cityList.pop() print(list(cityList)) ['shangHai', 'xiAn', 'chongQing', 12]
- remove 根据元素的值进行删除
cityList.remove('xiAn') print(list(cityList)) ['shangHai', 'chongQing', 12, ['19', 10]]
-
改 List[1] = ‘abc’
cityList[1] = 'abc'
print(list(cityList))
['shangHai', 'abc', 'chongQing', 12, ['19', 10]]
- 查
- 通过in /not in 查找
if 'xiAn' in cityList: print('找到了') elif 'Washington' not in cityList: print('找不到')
- index(‘a’,1,3) 通过返回指定元素的下标查找,若不存在,则抛出异常
- 在列表下标位[1,3)中查找是否存在元素’a’,左闭右开
print(cityList.index('xiAn')) # 1 print(cityList.index('xiAn',2,5)) # 'xiAn' is not in list
- count 返回指定元素的个数,若不存在则返回0
print(cityList.count('xiAn')) #1 print(cityList.count('London')) #0
- list(str1) 将字符串转换位列表
- 列表转为字符串
- str
cityList = ['shangHai','xiAn','chongQing',12] print(str(cityList)) ['shangHai', 'xiAn', 'chongQing', 12]
- 使用for循环
cityList = ['shangHai','xiAn','chongQing',12] cities = "" for city in cityList: cities += str(city) print(cities) shangHaixiAnchongQing12
- 当列表中只含义字符串时,可以使用join
cityList = ['shangHai','xiAn','chongQing'] print("".join(cityList)) shangHaixiAnchongQing
- reverse 反转列表
- sort 列表排序
list.sort() #默认从小至大排序
list.sort(reverse=True) #设置从大到小排序
- 枚举 enumerate
chars = ['a','b','c','d','e']
for i,c in enumerate(chars):
print(i,c)
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 d
4 e