spring注册DispatcherServlet的过程

先看下servlet注入到tomcat服务器的过程，
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration$DispatcherServletConfiguration类中声明了Bean方法，会创建DispatcherServlet类型的Bean，然后作为dispatcherServletRegistration方法的参数注入到DispatcherServletRegistrationBean内部。

		@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
		public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
			DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
			dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
			dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
			dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
			dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
			dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
			return dispatcherServlet;
		}

        @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
		@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
		public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet,
				WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) {
			DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet,
					webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());
			registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
			registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
			multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);
			return registration;
		}

创建web服务器时this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());，会返回指向selfInitialize()方法的引用赋值给函数式接口ServletContextInitializer.

	private org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializer getSelfInitializer() {
		return this::selfInitialize;
	}

	private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
		prepareWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
		registerApplicationScope(servletContext);
		WebApplicationContextUtils.registerEnvironmentBeans(getBeanFactory(), servletContext);
		for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {
			beans.onStartup(servletContext);
		}
	}

在TomcatServletWebServerFactory#prepareContext()中，使用TomcatStarter类封装刚才注入的ServletContextInitializer接口，添加到Context容器的private Map<ServletContainerInitializer,Set<Class<?>>> initializers = new LinkedHashMap<>();中。

	protected void prepareContext(Host host, ServletContextInitializer[] initializers) {
		......
		context.addLifecycleListener(new StaticResourceConfigurer(context));
		ServletContextInitializer[] initializersToUse = mergeInitializers(initializers);
		host.addChild(context);
		configureContext(context, initializersToUse);
		postProcessContext(context);
	}
	protected void configureContext(Context context, ServletContextInitializer[] initializers) {
		TomcatStarter starter = new TomcatStarter(initializers);
		if (context instanceof TomcatEmbeddedContext) {
			TomcatEmbeddedContext embeddedContext = (TomcatEmbeddedContext) context;
			embeddedContext.setStarter(starter);
			embeddedContext.setFailCtxIfServletStartFails(true);
		}
		context.addServletContainerInitializer(starter, NO_CLASSES);
......
	}

初始化完成后就会进入tomcat服务器的启动流程，此时会遍历内部的initializers，调用每个ServletContainerInitializer接口的onStartup()方法。

protected synchronized void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    ......
            for (Map.Entry<ServletContainerInitializer, Set<Class<?>>> entry :
                initializers.entrySet()) {
                try {
                    entry.getKey().onStartup(entry.getValue(),
                            getServletContext());
                } catch (ServletException e) {
                    log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.sciFail"), e);
                    ok = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
    ......
}

此时会遍历TomcatStarter内部的initializers。

	public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> classes, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
		try {
			for (ServletContextInitializer initializer : this.initializers) {
				initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
			}
		}
		......
	}

TomcatStarter内部的private final ServletContextInitializer[] initializers会包含selfInitialize方法的lamb引用，即会调用selfInitialize方法。

	private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
		prepareWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
		registerApplicationScope(servletContext);
		WebApplicationContextUtils.registerEnvironmentBeans(getBeanFactory(), servletContext);
		for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {
			beans.onStartup(servletContext);
		}
	}
	protected Collection<ServletContextInitializer> getServletContextInitializerBeans() {
		return new ServletContextInitializerBeans(getBeanFactory());
	}
	public ServletContextInitializerBeans(ListableBeanFactory beanFactory,
			Class<? extends ServletContextInitializer>... initializerTypes) {
		this.initializers = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
		//默认为 ServletContextInitializer 类型
		this.initializerTypes = (initializerTypes.length != 0) ? Arrays.asList(initializerTypes)
				: Collections.singletonList(ServletContextInitializer.class);
		addServletContextInitializerBeans(beanFactory);
		addAdaptableBeans(beanFactory);
		List<ServletContextInitializer> sortedInitializers = this.initializers.values().stream()
				.flatMap((value) -> value.stream().sorted(AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE))
				.collect(Collectors.toList());
		this.sortedList = Collections.unmodifiableList(sortedInitializers);
		logMappings(this.initializers);
	}
	// 取出ServletContextInitializer类型bean
	//添加到private final MultiValueMap<Class<?>, ServletContextInitializer> initializers;
	private void addServletContextInitializerBeans(ListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
		for (Class<? extends ServletContextInitializer> initializerType : this.initializerTypes) {
			for (Entry<String, ? extends ServletContextInitializer> initializerBean : getOrderedBeansOfType(beanFactory,
					initializerType)) {
				addServletContextInitializerBean(initializerBean.getKey(), initializerBean.getValue(), beanFactory);
			}
		}
	}	

由于ServletContextInitializerBeans实现了Iterable迭代器接口，可以对此对象进行迭代，而我们之前创建的
DispatcherServletRegistrationBean实现了ServletContextInitializer接口，因此会调用父类RegistrationBean的onStartup方法，最终在ApplicationContext#addServlet()方法中生成Wrapper对象，添加到StandardContext容器中。

    private ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName, String servletClass,
            Servlet servlet, Map<String,String> initParams) throws IllegalStateException {

        if (servletName == null || servletName.equals("")) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString(
                    "applicationContext.invalidServletName", servletName));
        }

        if (!context.getState().equals(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP)) {
            //TODO Spec breaking enhancement to ignore this restriction
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    sm.getString("applicationContext.addServlet.ise",
                            getContextPath()));
        }

        Wrapper wrapper = (Wrapper) context.findChild(servletName);

        // Assume a 'complete' ServletRegistration is one that has a class and
        // a name
        if (wrapper == null) {
            wrapper = context.createWrapper();
            wrapper.setName(servletName);
            context.addChild(wrapper);
        } else {
            if (wrapper.getName() != null &&
                    wrapper.getServletClass() != null) {
                if (wrapper.isOverridable()) {
                    wrapper.setOverridable(false);
                } else {
                    return null;
                }
            }
        }

        ServletSecurity annotation = null;
        if (servlet == null) {
            wrapper.setServletClass(servletClass);
            Class<?> clazz = Introspection.loadClass(context, servletClass);
            if (clazz != null) {
                annotation = clazz.getAnnotation(ServletSecurity.class);
            }
        } else {
            wrapper.setServletClass(servlet.getClass().getName());
            wrapper.setServlet(servlet);
            if (context.wasCreatedDynamicServlet(servlet)) {
                annotation = servlet.getClass().getAnnotation(ServletSecurity.class);
            }
        }

        if (initParams != null) {
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> initParam: initParams.entrySet()) {
                wrapper.addInitParameter(initParam.getKey(), initParam.getValue());
            }
        }

        ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration =
                new ApplicationServletRegistration(wrapper, context);
        if (annotation != null) {
            registration.setServletSecurity(new ServletSecurityElement(annotation));
        }
        return registration;
    }

到tomcat服务器调用子容器的startInternal方法阶段会注册到Context容器，

    private void registerContext(Context context) {

        String contextPath = context.getPath();
        if ("/".equals(contextPath)) {
            contextPath = "";
        }
        Host host = (Host)context.getParent();

        WebResourceRoot resources = context.getResources();
        String[] welcomeFiles = context.findWelcomeFiles();
        List<WrapperMappingInfo> wrappers = new ArrayList<>();

        for (Container container : context.findChildren()) {
            prepareWrapperMappingInfo(context, (Wrapper) container, wrappers);

            if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(sm.getString("mapperListener.registerWrapper",
                        container.getName(), contextPath, service));
            }
        }

        mapper.addContextVersion(host.getName(), host, contextPath,
                context.getWebappVersion(), context, welcomeFiles, resources,
                wrappers);

        if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(sm.getString("mapperListener.registerContext",
                    contextPath, service));
        }
    }

最终在Mapper#addWrapper()方法中赋值给public MappedWrapper defaultWrapper，而处理请求时默认会使用defaultWrapper处理请求，就是说spring内置的DispatcherServlet是默认的servlet，所以请求默认都会被DispatcherServlet分发到内部的mvc的Controller中。