最近项目太太太紧张，一个月才憋出了这篇自认为有点干货的文章，先拿出来晒一晒，本文所有代码地址都可以到github下载。
ps : 最近更新了vue组件版，若想直接使用可以直接 npm install vue-canvas-compression，看源码点这里。数据和示例如下图
接下来 直奔主题：
-
背景：去年开发一个IM即时聊天系统，需要发送图片的功能。那么图片肯定不能太大，但是目前手机端随便拍个照片都得个5M以上了，直接传上去的话那就太耗费线上资源了。怎么能把图片占用空间变小并且又能不太失真呢，那就用canvas试试！
-
思路：
1、从设备选择图片
2、读取文件
。2.1、转换file文件为base64
。2.2、获取文件拍摄方向信息
3、利用canvas压缩处理
。3.1、将图片绘制到canvas画布上
。3.2、根据设备信息判断绘制方式和是否旋转
4、上传前将文件从base64转换为file，并添加字段信息
5、上传至服务器 -
代码：
1、首先需要一个文件域
<div>
<input type="file" accept="image/*" id="image">
</div>
<p>压缩后的图片</p>
<div id="compress"></div>
<p>选择的原图片</p>
<div id="proper"></div>
2、定义全局需要的变量
var active = function(){
this.image = document.getElementById('image')
this.imgOrientation = null; // 设备方向
this.options={
field:'file',// 上传文件的字段
data:{'key': 'value'}, // 上传接口需要的附加参数
headers: {}, // 上传接口的请求头信息
width: 0, // 压缩后的图片宽度 当为0时会用原图片的宽度
quality: 0.6, // 压缩后图片的质量与原图的比例
};
};
3、选择图片后读取图片信息
// 拿到选择的图片
preview: function(){
var _this = this;
this.image.addEventListener('change',function(val){
if(!val.currentTarget.files.length) return;
// 单张上传，若需要多张上传此处需要做遍历
_this.createRender(val.currentTarget.files[0])
})
},
// 拿到图片后，读取文件并获取图片拍摄方向
createRender: function(file){
var _this = this;
var URL=window.URL || window.webkitURL,
blob = URL.createObjectURL(file);
if(window.FileReader){
var reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
reader.onload = function(){
var imgFalse = document.createElement('img');
// imgFalse.setAttribute('style','display:none;');
imgFalse.setAttribute('src',this.result);
document.getElementById('proper').appendChild(imgFalse);
imgFalse.onload=function(){
_this.imgOrientation=_this.getPhotoOrientation(imgFalse);
_this.compress(blob , file);
}
}
}
},
4、利用canvas压缩处理
// 压缩操作（核心代码）
compress: function(blob,file){
var _this = this;
var img = new Image();
img.src = blob;
img.onload = function() {
var that = this;
//生成比例
var w = that.width,
h = that.height,
scale = w / h;
w = _this.options.width || w;
h = w / scale;
//生成canvas
var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
canvas.setAttribute('width',w)
canvas.setAttribute('height',h)
ctx.drawImage(that, 0, 0, w, h);
/**
* 生成base64
*/
var base64 = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', _this.options.quality || 0.8);
// 修复IOS
if (navigator.userAgent.match(/iphone/i)) {
// 宽高互换
canvas.setAttribute('width',h)
canvas.setAttribute('height',w)
ctx.translate(canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2);
if(_this.imgOrientation=='6'){
//设置canvas宽高旋转90°
ctx.rotate(90 * Math.PI / 180);
}else if(_this.imgOrientation=='3'){
//设置canvas宽高旋转180°
ctx.rotate(180 * Math.PI / 180);
}else if(_this.imgOrientation=='8'){
//设置canvas宽高旋转270°
ctx.rotate(270 * Math.PI / 180);
}
ctx.drawImage(that, 0, 0, w, h);
ctx.drawImage(that, -this.width / 2, -this.height / 2);
base64 = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', _this.options.quality || 0.8);
}
// // 修复android
if (navigator.userAgent.match(/Android/i)) {
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c,d,e,a=1,b=2;for(c=1;15>=c;c++){for(d=a;b>d;d++)n[32767+d]=c,m[32767+d]=[],m[32767+d][1]=c,m[32767+d][0]=d;for(e=-(b-1);-a>=e;e++)n[32767+e]=c,m[32767+e]=[],m[32767+e][1]=c,m[32767+e][0]=b-1+e;a<<=1,b<<=1}}function M(){for(var a=0;256>a;a++)x[a]=19595*a,x[a+256>>0]=38470*a,x[a+512>>0]=7471*a+32768,x[a+768>>0]=-11059*a,x[a+1024>>0]=-21709*a,x[a+1280>>0]=32768*a+8421375,x[a+1536>>0]=-27439*a,x[a+1792>>0]=-5329*a}function N(a){for(var b=a[0],c=a[1]-1;c>=0;)b&1<<c&&(r|=1<<s),c--,s--,0>s&&(255==r?(O(255),O(0)):O(r),s=7,r=0)}function O(a){q.push(w[a])}function P(a){O(255&a>>8),O(255&a)}function Q(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,l,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,$,_,k=0;const 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b,a=String.fromCharCode;for(b=0;256>b;b++)w[b]=a(b)}function Y(a){if(0>=a&&(a=1),a>100&&(a=100),y!=a){var b=0;b=50>a?Math.floor(5e3/a):Math.floor(200-2*a),I(b),y=a,console.log("Quality set to: "+a+"%")}}function Z(){var c,b=(new Date).getTime();a||(a=50),X(),K(),L(),M(),Y(a),c=(new Date).getTime()-b,console.log("Initialization "+c+"ms")}var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H;Math.round,d=Math.floor,e=new Array(64),f=new Array(64),g=new Array(64),h=new Array(64),m=new Array(65535),n=new Array(65535),o=new Array(64),p=new Array(64),q=[],r=0,s=7,t=new Array(64),u=new Array(64),v=new Array(64),w=new Array(256),x=new 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d,e,f,m,n,o,p,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,c=(new Date).getTime();for(b&&Y(b),q=new Array,r=0,s=7,P(65496),R(),T(),S(a.width,a.height),U(),V(),d=0,e=0,f=0,r=0,s=7,this.encode.displayName="_encode_",m=a.data,n=a.width,o=a.height,p=4*n,z=0;o>z;){for(y=0;p>y;){for(D=p*z+y,E=D,F=-1,G=0,H=0;64>H;H++)G=H>>3,F=4*(7&H),E=D+G*p+F,z+G>=o&&(E-=p*(z+1+G-o)),y+F>=p&&(E-=y+F-p+4),A=m[E++],B=m[E++],C=m[E++],t[H]=(x[A]+x[B+256>>0]+x[C+512>>0]>>16)-128,u[H]=(x[A+768>>0]+x[B+1024>>0]+x[C+1280>>0]>>16)-128,v[H]=(x[A+1280>>0]+x[B+1536>>0]+x[C+1792>>0]>>16)-128;d=W(t,g,d,i,k),e=W(u,h,e,j,l),f=W(v,h,f,j,l),y+=32}z+=8}return s>=0&&(I=[],I[1]=s+1,I[0]=(1<<s+1)-1,N(I)),P(65497),J="data:image/jpeg;base64,"+btoa(q.join("")),q=[],K=(new Date).getTime()-c,console.log("Encoding time: "+K+"ms"),J},Z()}function getImageDataFromImage(a){var d,b="string"==typeof a?document.getElementById(a):a,c=document.createElement("canvas");return 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var encoder = new JPEGEncoder();
base64 = encoder.encode(ctx.getImageData(0, 0, w, h), _this.options.quality * 100 || 80);
}
// 生成结果
var result = {
base64: base64,
name:file.name,
clearBase64: base64.substr(base64.indexOf(',') + 1)
};
// 执行后函数
_this.beforeUpload(result,file);
};
},
5、上传前将文件从base64转换为file，并添加字段信息上传回显
// 上传前处理数据
beforeUpload(result , file) {
var formData = new FormData();
if(this.isIE()){
formData.append(this.options.field, file);
}else{
formData.append(this.options.field, this.base64UrlToFile(result.base64,file.name));
}
//追加额外的参数
var optionsData = this.options.data
for(var x in optionsData){
optionsData[x] = typeof optionsData[x] === 'function' ? optionsData[x]():optionsData[x];
formData.append(x, optionsData[x]);
}
this.upload(formData ,result)
},
// 上传操作
upload(formData,result){
// 实际应用中需要放开这段代码并引入jq
// $.ajax({
// url: ''
// ,type: 'post'
// ,data: formData
// ,contentType: false
// ,processData: false
// ,dataType: 'text'
// ,headers: _this.options.headers || {}
// ,success: function(res){
// 成功后回显图片
var successImage = document.createElement('img');
// successImage.setAttribute('style','display:none;');
successImage.setAttribute('src',result.base64);
document.getElementById('compress').appendChild(successImage);
// }
// ,error: function(err){
// console.log(err)
// alert('请求失败')
// }
// });
},
附：判断设备方向和文件转换等方法
// 获取照片拍摄方向 需要引入EXIF.js
getPhotoOrientation: function(img){
var orient;
EXIF.getData(img, function () {
orient = EXIF.getTag(this, 'Orientation');
});
return orient;
},
// 判断是否ie浏览器
isIE: function() {
if(!!window.ActiveXObject || "ActiveXObject" in window){
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
},
//将base64转换为文件
base64UrlToFile: function (dataurl, filename) {
var arr = dataurl.split(','), mime = arr[0].match(/:(.*?);/)[1],
bstr = atob(arr[1]), n = bstr.length, u8arr = new Uint8Array(n);
while(n--){
u8arr[n] = bstr.charCodeAt(n);
}
return new File([u8arr], filename, {type:mime});
}
到此结束，搞定收工！
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