继承的概念和意义

继承的概念和意义

组合关系

• 整体和部分的关系，电脑的组成

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Memory
{
public:
    Memory()
    {
        cout << "Memory()" << endl;
    }
    ~Memory()
    {
        cout << "~Memory()" << endl;
    }
};

class Disk
{
public:
    Disk()
    {
        cout << "Disk()" << endl;
    }
    ~Disk()
    {
        cout << "~Disk()" << endl;
    }   
};

class CPU
{
public:
    CPU()
    {
        cout << "CPU()" << endl;
    }
    ~CPU()
    {
        cout << "~CPU()" << endl;
    }    
};

class MainBoard
{
public:
    MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "MainBoard()" << endl;
    }
    ~MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "~MainBoard()" << endl;
    }    
};

class Computer
{
    Memory mMem;
    Disk mDisk;
    CPU mCPU;
    MainBoard mMainBoard;
public:
    Computer()
    {
        cout << "Computer()" << endl;
    }
    void power()
    {
        cout << "power()" << endl;
    }
    void reset()
    {
        cout << "reset()" << endl;
    }
    ~Computer()
    {
        cout << "~Computer()" << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{   
    Computer c;
    
    return 0;
}

组合关系特点

• 将其他类的对象作为当前类的成员使用
• 当前类的对象与成员对象的生命周期一样
• 成员对象和普通对象再用法上完全一致

继承关系

• 父子关系
• 父类（基类）电脑
• 子类（派生类）苹果电脑

继承类之间的父子关系

• 子类拥有父类的所有属性和行为
• 子类是一种特殊的父类
• 子类对象可以当做父类对象使用（****）
• 子类可以添加父类的方法和属性

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
	int mv;
public:
	 Parent()
	 {
		 cout << "Parent" << endl;
		 mv = 100;
	 }
	 void method()
	 {
		 cout << "mv = " << endl;
	 }
};

class Child : public Parent
{
public:
	void hello()
	{
		cout << "hhh" << endl;
	}
};

int main()
{   
    Child c;
	
	Parent p1 = c;//子类是一个特殊的父类
	
	Parent p2;
	
    c.method();
	c.hello();
    
    return 0;
}

重要规则

• 子类是一个特殊父类
• 子类对象可以初始化和直接赋值给父类对象

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Memory
{
public:
    Memory()
    {
        cout << "Memory()" << endl;
    }
    ~Memory()
    {
        cout << "~Memory()" << endl;
    }
};

class Disk
{
public:
    Disk()
    {
        cout << "Disk()" << endl;
    }
    ~Disk()
    {
        cout << "~Disk()" << endl;
    }   
};

class CPU
{
public:
    CPU()
    {
        cout << "CPU()" << endl;
    }
    ~CPU()
    {
        cout << "~CPU()" << endl;
    }    
};

class MainBoard
{
public:
    MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "MainBoard()" << endl;
    }
    ~MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "~MainBoard()" << endl;
    }    
};

class Computer
{
    Memory mMem;
    Disk mDisk;
    CPU mCPU;
    MainBoard mMainBoard;
public:
    Computer()
    {
        cout << "Computer()" << endl;
    }
    void power()
    {
        cout << "power()" << endl;
    }
    void reset()
    {
        cout << "reset()" << endl;
    }
    ~Computer()
    {
        cout << "~Computer()" << endl;
    }
};

class HPBook : public Computer
{
	string mOS;
public:
	HPBook()
	{
		mOS = "win 8";
	}
	
	void install(string os)
	{
		mOS = os;
		cout << mOS << endl;
	}
};

int main()
{   
    Computer c;
	
	HPBook hp;
	hp.power();
	hp.install("ubu16.04");
    
    return 0;
}

小结

• 继承是面向对象中代码复用的重要手段
• 子类是一个特殊父类
• 子类对象可以初始化和直接赋值给父类对象
• 子类拥有父类的一切属性和方法
• 子类可添加父类没有的方法和属性