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学习C++编译环境:Linux
第六十一课 智能指针类模板
1.智能指针
智能指针的意义
现代C++开发库中最重要的类模板之一
C++中自动内存管理的主要手段
能够在很大程度上避开内存相关的问题
STL中的智能指针auto_ptr
生命周期结束时,销毁所指的内存空间
不能指向堆数组,只能指向堆对象(变量)
一片堆空间只属于一个智能指针对象
多个智能指针对象不能指向同一片堆空间
61-1 auto_ptr使用初探
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<memory>
using namespace std;
class Test
{
string m_name;
public:
Test(const char* name)
{
cout << "Hello, " << name << "." << endl;
m_name = name;
}
void print()
{
cout << "I'm " << m_name << "." << endl;
}
~Test()
{
cout << "Goodbye, " << m_name << "." << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
auto_ptr<Test> pt(new Test("ylc"));
pt->print();
cout << endl;
auto_ptr<Test> pt1(pt);
cout << "pt = " << pt.get() << endl;
cout << "pt1 = " << pt1.get() << endl;
pt1->print();
return 0;
}
运行结果
Hello, ylc.
I'm ylc.
pt = 0
pt1 = 0x83ac20
I'm ylc.
Goodbye, ylc.
STL中的其他智能指针
shared_ptr:带有引用计数机制,支持多个指针对象指向同一片内存
weak_ptr:配合weak_ptr而引入的一种智能指针
unique_ptr:一个指针对象指向一片内存空间,不能拷贝构造和赋值(不能所有权的转移)
QT中的智能指针:
QPointer
当其指向的对象被销毁时,它会被自动置空
析构时不会自动销毁所指向的对象
QSharedPointer
引用计数型智能指针
可以被自由地拷贝和赋值
当引用计数为0时才删除指向的对象
61-2 Qt中的智能指针
#include <QPointer>
#include <QSharedPointer>
#include <QDebug>
class Test : public QObject
{
QString m_name;
public:
Test(const char* name)
{
qDebug() << "Hello, " << name << ".";
m_name = name;
}
void print()
{
qDebug() << "I'm " << m_name << ".";
}
~Test()
{
qDebug() << "Goodbye, " << m_name << ".";
}
};
int main()
{
QPointer<Test> pt(new Test("D.T.Software"));
QPointer<Test> pt1(pt);
QPointer<Test> pt2(pt);
pt->print();
pt1->print();
pt2->print();
delete pt;
qDebug() << "pt = " << pt;
qDebug() << "pt1 = " << pt1;
qDebug() << "pt2 = " << pt2;
qDebug() << endl;
QSharedPointer<Test> spt(new Test("Delphi Tang"));
QSharedPointer<Test> spt1(spt);
QSharedPointer<Test> spt2(spt);
spt->print();
spt1->print();
spt2->print();
return 0;
}
Qt中的其他智能指针
QWeakPointer
QScopedPointer
QScopedArrayPointer
QSharedDataPointer
QExplicitlySharedDataPointer
SmartPointer.h 创建智能指针类模板
#ifndef _SMARTPOINTER_H_
#define _SMARTPOINTER_H_
template
< typename T >
class SmartPointer
{
T* mp;
public:
SmartPointer(T* p = NULL)
{
mp = p;
}
SmartPointer(const SmartPointer<T>& obj)
{
mp = obj.mp;
const_cast<SmartPointer<T>&>(obj).mp = NULL;
}
SmartPointer<T>& operator = (const SmartPointer<T>& obj)
{
if( this != &obj )
{
delete mp;
mp = obj.mp;
const_cast<SmartPointer<T>&>(obj).mp = NULL;
}
return *this;
}
T* operator -> ()
{
return mp;
}
T& operator * ()
{
return *mp;
}
bool isNull()
{
return (mp == NULL);
}
T* get()
{
return mp;
}
~SmartPointer()
{
delete mp;
}
};
#endif
61-3.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "SmartPointer.h"
using namespace std;
class Test
{
string m_name;
public:
Test(const char* name)
{
cout << "Hello, " << name << "." << endl;
m_name = name;
}
void print()
{
cout << "I'm " << m_name << "." << endl;
}
~Test()
{
cout << "Goodbye, " << m_name << "." << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
SmartPointer<Test> pt(new Test("D.T.Software"));
cout << "pt = " << pt.get() << endl;
pt->print();
cout << endl;
SmartPointer<Test> pt1(pt);
cout << "pt = " << pt.get() << endl;
cout << "pt1 = " << pt1.get() << endl;
pt1->print();
return 0;
}
运行结果
Hello, D.T.Software.
pt = 0xf31c20
I'm D.T.Software.
pt = 0
pt1 = 0xf31c20
I'm D.T.Software.
Goodbye, D.T.Software.
小结
智能指针C++中自动内存管理的主要手段
智能指针在各种平台上都有不同的表现形式
智能指针能够尽可能的避开内存相关的问题
STL和Qt中都提供了对智能指针的支持