python入门（6）

python入门（6）

元组

元组的知识点

tu1 = (1)
print(type(tu1))
# <class 'int'>

tu1 = (1,)
print(type(tu1))
# <class 'tuple'> 

加逗号

集合

创建一个新集合

set1 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,5,5,}
print(set1)
print(type(set1))
# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
# <class 'set'>

set2={1}
print(type(set2))
# <class 'set'>

set3={}
print(type(set3))
# <class 'dict'>

常见方法

    def add(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Add an element to a set.
        添加元素
        This has no effect if the element is already present.
        如果存在就没有影响
        """
        pass

    def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Remove all elements from this set. """
        pass

    def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return a shallow copy of a set. """
        pass

    def difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
        
        (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
        """
        pass

    def discard(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
        移除一个元素
        If the element is not a member, do nothing.
        """
        pass

    def intersection(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Return the intersection of two sets as a new set.
        返回两个集合的交集
        (i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)
        """
        pass

    def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Remove and return an arbitrary set element.
        随机移除和返回一个元素
        Raises KeyError if the set is empty.
        如果元素为空，抛出错误
        """
        pass

    def remove(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
        移除一个元素，他必须是成员
        If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
        不是成员，报错误
        """
        pass

    def update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Update a set with the union of itself and others. """
        字典取键值
        pass

函数

函数的定义

def 函数名():
    当前函数的代码

函数的分类

有参数，没有返回值

def info(news):
    print(news)
    
info('123')

news代表形参，

‘123’代码实参

有参数，有返回值

def info(news):
    print(news)
    return
    
info('123')

• return后面可以不写

• return后面的语句不执行

• return后面可以返回多个值

没有参数，没返回值

def info():
    print('没有参数，没返回值')
    
info()

没有参数，有返回值

def info():
    print('没有参数，没返回值')
    return 'ok'
    
info()

函数的参数类型

def info(num1,num2):
    '''
    当前函数执行的是，除法操作
    :param num1: 被除数
    :param num2: 除数
    :return: 返回商
    '''
    num=num1/num2
    return num

info(1,2)

def info(num1,num2,num3=None):
    '''
    当前函数执行的是，除法操作
    :param num1: 被除数
    :param num2: 除数
    :return: 返回商
    '''
    num=num1/num2
    print(num3)
    return num

info(1,2)

# None

def info(*args):  #打包
    '''
    当前函数执行的是，除法操作
    :param num1: 被除数
    :param num2: 除数
    :return: 返回商
    '''

    print(args)  
    print(*args) # 拆包
    return 0

info(1,2,4,6,8,3)
# (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 3)
# 1 2 4 6 8 3

def students(name,age):
    print('性别：',name)
    print('年龄：',age)

students('laowang',19)
students(age=33,name='xiaozhagn')

# 性别： laowang
# 年龄： 19
# 性别： xiaozhagn
# 年龄： 33

练习：

1、写一个函数实现三个数求和
2、写一个函数实现三个数求平均值
3、写一个列表，找出最大值与最小值，求其平均数
4、用函数实现判断用户输入是否是闰年

def sum3(*args):
    sum_=0
    for i in args:
        sum_+=i
    return sum_

print(sum3(1,2,3))


def avg3(*args):
    sum_=0
    for i in args:
        sum_+=i
    return sum_/args.__len__()

print(avg3(1,2,3))

listxx=[1,4,2,3,1]
def findMinMaxAgv(listx):
    listx.sort()
    Minx=listx[0]
    Maxx=listx[-1]
    print("Min is ",Minx,"Max is ",Maxx)
    sumx=0
    for i in listx:
        sumx+=i
    print("avg is ",sumx/len(listx))
findMinMaxAgv(listxx)

def getrun2(year):
    if(year%4==0 and year%100!=0 or year%400==0):
        print("yes")
    else:
        print("no")
getrun2(2007)

5、有1,2,3,4这几个数字，能够组成多少个不重复的三位数，并展示
7、有5个人坐在一起，问第五个人多少岁？他说比第4个人大2岁。问第4个人岁数，他说比第3个人大2岁。问第三个人，又说比第2人大两岁。问第2个人，说比第一个人大两岁。最后 问第一个人，他说是10岁。请问第五个人多大？

listx=[]
for i in range(1,5):
    for ii in range(1,5):
        for iii in range(1,5):
            temp=i*100+ii*10+iii
            listx.append(temp)
print(listx)
print("count is",listx.__len__())

def getyear(num):
    if(num==1):
        return 10
    return getyear(num-1)+2
    
    
print("2 get",getyear(5))

def getyear3(num,year):
    if (num>1):
        return getyear3(num-1,year+2)
    else:
        return year

print("3get ",getyear3(5,10))