java 编程思想 第7章 复用类 笔记

7.1 组合语法

public class SprinklerSystem {
    private String value1,value2,value3,value4;
    private WaterSource source = new WaterSource();
    private int i;
    private float f;
    public String toString(){
        return "Valve1 = " + value1 + " " +
                "Valve2 = " + value2 + " " +
                "Valve3 = " + value3 + " " +
                "Valve4 = " + value4 + "\n" +
                "i = "+i+ " f = " + f +" source = " +source;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SprinklerSystem sprinkers = new SprinklerSystem();
        System.out.println(sprinkers);
    }

}

class WaterSource{
    private String s;

    WaterSource(){
        System.out.println("watersource()");
        s = "Constructed";
    }

    public  String toString() { return s; }
}

运行结果：

watersource()
Valve1 = null Valve2 = null Valve3 = null Valve4 = null
i = 0 f = 0.0 source = Constructed

组合技术只需将对象引用置于新类即可。

类中域为基本类型时能够自动被初始化为零，但是对象引用会被初始化为null。

7.2 继承语法

extends关键字实现，会自动得到基类中所有的域和方法。

package thinkinjava.ch7.reusing;

class Cleanser{
    private String s = "Cleanser";
    public void append(String a) { s+=a;}
    public void dilute(){ append(" dilute()");}
    public void apply(){ append(" apply()");}
    public void scrub(){ append(" scrub()");}
    public String toString() { return s;}

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Cleanser x = new Cleanser();
        x.dilute(); x.apply(); x.scrub();
        System.out.println(x);
    }
}

public class Detergent extends  Cleanser{
    //change a method
    public void scrub(){
        append("detergent.scrub()");
        super.scrub();
    }
    public void foam(){
        append(" foam()");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Detergent x = new Detergent();
        x.dilute();
        x.apply();
        x.scrub();
        x.foam();
        System.out.println(x);
        System.out.println("testing base class");
        Cleanser.main(args);
    }

}

运行结果：

Cleanser dilute() apply()detergent.scrub() scrub() foam()
testing base class
Cleanser dilute() apply() scrub()