java中异常父类_Java 异常-finally和在子父类中的体现

finally中存放的是一定会被执行的代码,通常用于关闭资源。

class FuShuException1 extends Exception

{

FuShuException1(String msg)

{

super(msg);

}

}

class Demo4{

int div(int a,int b) throws FuShuException1

{

if (b<0)

{

throw new FuShuException1("除数为负数");

}

return a/b;

}

}

public class ExceptionDemo4 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Demo4 d = new Demo4();

try{

d.div(2,-2);

}catch (FuShuException1 e)

{

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

finally {

System.out.println("finally");

}

System.out.println("over");

}

}

public void method() throws NoException

{

连接数据库;

数据操作;//throw new SQLException();

关闭数据库;//该动作，无论数据操作是否成功，一定要关闭资源。

try

{

连接数据库;

数据操作;//throw new SQLException();

}

catch(SQLException e)

{

会对数据库进行异常处理;

throw new NoException();

}

finally

{

关闭数据库;

}

}

语句格式

try

{

}catch

{

}

try

{

}catch

{

}

finally

{

}

try

{

}

finally

{

}

记住一点:catch是用于处理异常。如果没有catch就代表异常没有被处理过，如果该异常是检测时异常，那么必须声明。

异常在子父类覆盖中的体现;

1.子类在覆盖父类时，如果父类的方法抛出异常，那么子类的覆盖方法，只能抛出父类的异常或者该异常的子类。

2.如果父类方法抛出多个异常，那么子类在覆盖该方法时，只能抛出父类异常的子集。

3.如果父类或者接口的方法中没有异常抛出，那么子类在覆盖方法时，也不可以抛出异常。如果子类方法发生了异常。就必须要进行try处理。绝对不能抛。

class AException extends Exception

{

}

class BException extends Exception

{

}

class CException extends Exception

{

}

class Fu0

{

void show() throws AException

{

}

}

class Zi0 extends Fu0

{

void show() throws AException

{

}

}

class Test0

{

void function(Fu0 f)

{

try{

f.show();

}catch (AException e)

{

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

}

}

public class ExceptionDemo6 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Test0 t = new Test0();

t.function(new Fu0());

}

}

//编译不报错

/*

Exception

|--AException

|--BException

|--CException

*/

class AException extends Exception

{

}

class BException extends Exception

{

}

class CException extends Exception

{

}

class Fu0

{

void show() throws AException

{

}

}

class Zi0 extends Fu0

{

void show() throws CException

{

}

}

class Test0

{

void function(Fu0 f)

{

try{

f.show();

}catch (AException e)

{

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

}

}

public class ExceptionDemo6 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Test0 t = new Test0();

t.function(new Fu0());

}

}

//编译失败

Error:(22, 10) java: Zi0中的show()无法覆盖Fu0中的show()

被覆盖的方法未抛出CException

例子:面积为负数。

class NoValueException extends Exception

{

NoValueException(String message)

{

super(message);

}

}

interface Shape

{

void getArea();

}

class Rec implements Shape

{

private int len,wid;

Rec(int len,int wid) throws NoValueException

{

if (len<=0 || wid <=0)

throw new NoValueException("出现非法值！！");

else {

this.len = len;

this.wid = wid;

}

}

public void getArea()

{

System.out.println(len*wid);

}

}

class Circle implements Shape

{

public static final double PI = 3.14;

private double radius;

Circle(double radius) throws NoValueException

{

if (radius <= 0)

throw new NoValueException("出现非法值！！");

this.radius = radius;

}

public void getArea()

{

System.out.println(radius*radius);

}

}

public class ExceptionDemo7 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try

{

Rec r = new Rec(-3,4);

r.getArea();

}

catch (NoValueException e)

{

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

System.out.println("over");

}

}

//输出

NoValueException: 出现非法值！！

over

class NoValueException extends RuntimeException

{

NoValueException(String message)

{

super(message);

}

}

interface Shape

{

void getArea();

}

class Rec implements Shape

{

private int len,wid;

Rec(int len,int wid) //throws NoValueException

{

if (len<=0 || wid <=0)

throw new NoValueException("出现非法值！！");

else {

this.len = len;

this.wid = wid;

}

}

public void getArea()

{

System.out.println(len*wid);

}

}

class Circle implements Shape

{

public static final double PI = 3.14;

private double radius;

Circle(double radius) throws NoValueException

{

if (radius <= 0)

throw new NoValueException("出现非法值！！");

this.radius = radius;

}

public void getArea()

{

System.out.println(radius*radius);

}

}

public class ExceptionDemo7 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Rec r = new Rec(-3,4);

r.getArea();

System.out.println("over");

}

}

//程序结束

Exception in thread "main" NoValueException: 出现非法值！！

at Rec.(ExceptionDemo7.java:18)

at ExceptionDemo7.main(ExceptionDemo7.java:47)

class NoValueException extends Exception

{

NoValueException(String message)

{

super(message);

}

}

interface Shape

{

void getArea();

}

class Rec implements Shape

{

private int len,wid;

Rec(int len,int wid) throws NoValueException

{

if (len<=0 || wid <=0)

throw new NoValueException("出现非法值！！");

this.len = len;

this.wid = wid;

}

public void getArea()

{

System.out.println(len*wid);

}

}

class Circle implements Shape

{

public static final double PI = 3.14;

private double radius;

Circle(double radius) throws NoValueException

{

if (radius <= 0)

throw new NoValueException("出现非法值！！");

this.radius = radius;

}

public void getArea()

{

System.out.println(radius*radius);

}

}

public class ExceptionDemo7 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try

{

Rec r = new Rec(-3,4);

r.getArea();

}catch (NoValueException e)

{

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

System.out.println("over");

try

{

Circle c = new Circle(-2.68);

c.getArea();

}

catch (NoValueException e)

{

System.out.println(e.toString());

}

System.out.println("over");

}

}

//输出

NoValueException: 出现非法值！！

over

NoValueException: 出现非法值！！

over