P-Link ARM Cortex-M脱机编程器开源前的一些准备工作 --- 第三章 P-LINK使用到的AES加密算法介绍

    前面有介绍过,当Windows向P-Link下载新的目标单片机固件或者配置信息的时候,会对这些数据进行AES加密,那么AES加密是何种东西呢?本章会对其进行介绍。

第二章链接在此 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42212344/article/details/85762383

    AES加密属于对称型加密的范畴,使用相同的密钥进行内容的加密与解密。

 

 

  

北京的Alice要将一个上锁的包裹邮寄给远在南京的Bob,那么Bob要想打开这个包裹的话，必须使用相同的钥匙才可以。

若南京的Tom也想打开这个包裹的话，因为没有相应的钥匙，那么他是打不开包裹的，也看不到包裹里面的内容。

   对于用户配置信息与固件,因为这些敏感数据是存放在烧录器外部的SPI Flash里面的, 所以若以未加密的明文存储的话,找个单片机高手，分分钟就可以将SPI Flash里面的内容给破解掉,后果可想而知,你大卖的产品，明天就可能出现在某宝,某逊里面。使用AES加密就是起到保护用户固件不被外人知道，减少被破解的风险。

    AES算法原理,网络上有很多，说的也都很详细,我在这里就算法方面的东西也不去讲了，有兴趣的朋友可以看看密码学相关的书籍。我这里直接将我项目中用到的AES加密与解密的算法列出来,供大家参考 。

   AES加解密源代码:

/**
 * \file FIPS-197 AES-128 software library source file 
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2015 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 *
 * \asf_license_start
 *
 * \page License
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. The name of Atmel may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * 4. This software may only be redistributed and used in connection with an
 *    Atmel microcontroller product.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ATMEL "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE
 * EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
 * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * \asf_license_stop
 *
 */
 /**
 * Support and FAQ: visit <a href="http://www.atmel.com/design-support/">Atmel Support</a>
 */

#include "aes.h"

/* Global Variables declaration*/

/*  S-box in hexadecimal format */
uint8_t sbox[256] =   { 
	//0     1    2      3     4    5     6     7      8    9     A      B    C     D     E     F
	0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76,  //0
	0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0,  //1
	0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15,  //2
	0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75,  //3
	0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84,  //4
	0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf,  //5
	0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8,  //6
	0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2,  //7
	0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73,  //8
	0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb,  //9
	0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79,  //A
	0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08,  //B
	0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a,  //C
	0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e,  //D
	0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf,  //E
	0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16   //F
};   

/* Inverse S-box in hexadecimal format */
uint8_t inv_sbox[256] = {
	//0     1    2      3     4    5     6     7      8    9     A      B    C     D     E     F
    0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb,  //0
	0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb,  //1
	0x54, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b, 0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e,  //2
	0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24, 0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25,  //3
	0x72, 0xf8, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x92,  //4
	0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84,  //5
	0x90, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x06,  //6
	0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b,  //7
	0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6, 0x73,  //8
	0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9, 0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e,  //9
	0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b,  //A
	0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4,  //B
	0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f,  //C
	0x60, 0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef,  //D
	0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,  //E
	0x17, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d   //F
}; 

/* Round constant for Key Expansion */
uint8_t RCon[11] = {
	0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36
};

/* Array to store values after key expansion */
uint8_t key_schedule[AES_KEY_SCHEDULE_SIZE];

/* Check if the key is ready */
bool aes_key_ready = false;


/*! \brief Performs key expansion to generate key schedule
 * from initial set of Key of 4 words.
 * \param round_key  Holds the pointer to store key schedule 
 * \param key        Initial Key received from the user
 */
void KeyExpansion(uint8_t *round_key, uint8_t *key)
{
	uint8_t i, temp;

	//Retain the initial for round 0
	for ( i = 0; i < 16; i++){
		round_key[ i ] = key[ i ];
	}

	// Compute Key schedule of block size for each round
	for ( i = 1; i < (AES_NUM_OF_ROUNDS + 1); i++){
		temp = round_key[ i*16 - 4 ];
		round_key[i*16 +  0] = sbox[ round_key[i*16 - 3] ] ^ round_key[(i-1)*16 + 0] ^ RCon[ i ];
		round_key[i*16 +  1] = sbox[ round_key[i*16 - 2] ] ^ round_key[(i-1)*16 + 1];
		round_key[i*16 +  2] = sbox[ round_key[i*16 - 1] ] ^ round_key[(i-1)*16 + 2];
		round_key[i*16 +  3] = sbox[ temp ] ^ round_key[ (i-1)*16 + 3 ];

		round_key[i*16 +  4] = round_key[(i-1)*16 + 4] ^ round_key[i*16 + 0];
		round_key[i*16 +  5] = round_key[(i-1)*16 + 5] ^ round_key[i*16 + 1];
		round_key[i*16 +  6] = round_key[(i-1)*16 + 6] ^ round_key[i*16 + 2];
		round_key[i*16 +  7] = round_key[(i-1)*16 + 7] ^ round_key[i*16 + 3];

		round_key[i*16 +  8] = round_key[(i-1)*16 + 8] ^ round_key[i*16 + 4];
		round_key[i*16 +  9] = round_key[(i-1)*16 + 9] ^ round_key[i*16 + 5];
		round_key[i*16 + 10] = round_key[(i-1)*16 +10] ^ round_key[i*16 + 6];
		round_key[i*16 + 11] = round_key[(i-1)*16 +11] ^ round_key[i*16 + 7];

		round_key[i*16 + 12] = round_key[(i-1)*16 +12] ^ round_key[i*16 + 8];
		round_key[i*16 + 13] = round_key[(i-1)*16 +13] ^ round_key[i*16 + 9];
		round_key[i*16 + 14] = round_key[(i-1)*16 +14] ^ round_key[i*16 +10];
		round_key[i*16 + 15] = round_key[(i-1)*16 +15] ^ round_key[i*16 +11];
	}
}

/*! \brief xtime calculation
 * The value is multiplied by 0x02. This 
 * is implemented at the byte level as a
 * left shift and XOR with 0x1b if the MSB 
 * of t