原来一直觉得OpenCV里的直方图函数十分简单，今天临时需要用才发现原来OpenCV的calcHist功能如此强大，不仅能计算常见的1D Hist， calcHist理论上支持32维以下的Hist.(32维啊 有木有！)
image: 输入图像序列
nimages: 源图像数量
channels: 用于计算hist的通道List
mask:不解释
hist:生成的hist
dims:hist的维数（必须大于0，目前版本支持不大于CV_MAX_DIMS=32）
histSzie:每一维的size（即bins）
ranges: 直方图每一维的bins的边界的序列
uniform:是否对齐
accumlate:如果set为true，则直方图在使用之前不clear，用于在一个hist内保存多个图像集的直方图，或者及时更新hist。
实现代码：
在此实现两个直方图绘制函数，分别绘制1D，2D直方图。
BGR三通道1D直方图：
附带的在程序里实现了一个窗口内显示多幅图像，也可以使用Mat1.put_back(Mat2)，但是push_back是向y轴方向push mat ，酱紫显示的就是细长细长窗口，所以还是使用ROI的用户体验比较好。
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Mat drawHist(Mat hist,int bins,int height,Scalar rgb)
-
{
-
double maxVal=
0;
-
minMaxLoc(hist,
0,&maxVal,
0,
0);
-
int scale=
1;
-
Mat histImg = Mat::zeros(height, bins, CV_8UC3);
-
float *binVal = hist.ptr<
float>(
0);
-
for (
int i=
0; i<bins; i++)
-
{
-
int intensity = cvRound(binVal[i]*height/maxVal);
-
rectangle(histImg,Point(i*scale,
0),
-
Point((i+
1)*scale,(intensity)),rgb,CV_FILLED);
-
}
-
flip(histImg,histImg,
0);
-
return histImg;
-
}
-
-
void darwHistRGB(const Mat& src)
-
{
-
Mat histB,histG,histR;
-
-
int bins=
256;
-
int histSize[] = {bins};
-
float range[] = {
0,
256};
-
const
float* ranges[] = {range};
-
int channelsB[] = {
0};
-
int channelsG[] = {
1};
-
int channelsR[] = {
2};
-
calcHist(&src,
1,channelsB,Mat(),histB,
1,histSize,ranges,
true,
false);
-
calcHist(&src,
1,channelsG,Mat(),histG,
1,histSize,ranges,
true,
false);
-
calcHist(&src,
1,channelsR,Mat(),histR,
1,histSize,ranges,
true,
false);
-
-
Mat histBImg = drawHist(histB,bins,
200,Scalar(
255,
0,
0));
-
Mat histGImg = drawHist(histG,bins,
200,Scalar(
0,
255,
0));
-
Mat histRImg = drawHist(histR,bins,
200,Scalar(
0,
0,
255));
-
-
//在一个窗口中显示多幅图像
-
Mat display(200,bins*3,CV_8UC3);
-
Mat displayROI = display(Rect(
0,
0,bins,
200));
-
resize(histBImg,displayROI,displayROI.size());
-
displayROI = display(Rect(bins,
0,bins,
200));
-
resize(histGImg,displayROI,displayROI.size());
-
displayROI = display(Rect(bins*
2,
0,bins,
200));
-
resize(histRImg,displayROI,displayROI.size());
-
-
imshow(
"histRGB",display);
-
waitKey();
-
}
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
Mat src = imread(
"D:/demo.jpg",
1);
-
darwHistRGB(src);
-
return
1;
-
}
HSV的H-S通道2D直方图：
灰度值的大小代表了直方图的高度。可以看做是一个从上向下（-Z轴方向）看的三维柱状图。
-
int main( )
-
{
-
Mat src, hsv;
-
src = imread(
"D:/demo.jpg",
1);
-
-
-
cvtColor(src, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV);
-
-
// Quantize the hue to 30 levels
-
// and the saturation to 32 levels
-
int hbins =
30, sbins =
32;
-
int histSize[] = {hbins, sbins};
-
// hue varies from 0 to 179, see cvtColor
-
float hranges[] = {
0,
180 };
-
// saturation varies from 0 (black-gray-white) to
-
// 255 (pure spectrum color)
-
float sranges[] = {
0,
256 };
-
const
float* ranges[] = { hranges, sranges };
-
MatND hist;
-
// we compute the histogram from the 0-th and 1-st channels
-
int channels[] = {
0,
1};
-
-
calcHist( &hsv,
1, channels, Mat(),
// do not use mask
-
hist,
2, histSize, ranges,
-
true,
// the histogram is uniform
-
false );
-
double maxVal=
0;
-
minMaxLoc(hist,
0, &maxVal,
0,
0);
-
-
int scale =
10;
-
Mat histImg = Mat::zeros(sbins*scale, hbins*
10, CV_8UC3);
-
-
for(
int h =
0; h < hbins; h++ )
-
for(
int s =
0; s < sbins; s++ )
-
{
-
float binVal = hist.at<
float>(h, s);
-
int intensity = cvRound(binVal*
255/maxVal);
-
rectangle( histImg, Point(h*scale, s*scale),
-
Point( (h+
1)*scale -
1, (s+
1)*scale -
1),
-
Scalar::all(intensity),
-
CV_FILLED );
-
}
-
-
namedWindow(
"Source",
1 );
-
imshow(
"Source", src );
-
-
namedWindow(
"H-S Histogram",
1 );
-
imshow(
"H-S Histogram", histImg );
-
waitKey();
-
}
最大熵分割
利用Hist实现最大熵模型
信息熵：
最大熵分割：
-
#include <iostream>
-
#include <opencv/cv.h>
-
#include <opencv/highgui.h>
-
-
-
using
namespace
std;
-
using
namespace cv;
-
-
typedef
enum {back,object} entropy_state;
-
float total;
-
-
//绘制hist;
-
Mat drawHist(Mat hist,int bins,int height,Scalar rgb)
-
{
-
double maxVal=
0;
-
minMaxLoc(hist,
0,&maxVal,
0,
0);
-
int scale=
1;
-
Mat histImg = Mat::zeros(height, bins, CV_8UC3);
-
float *binVal = hist.ptr<
float>(
0);
-
for (
int i=
0; i<bins; i++)
-
{
-
int intensity = cvRound(binVal[i]*height/maxVal);
-
rectangle(histImg,Point(i*scale,
0),
-
Point((i+
1)*scale,(intensity)),rgb,CV_FILLED);
-
}
-
flip(histImg,histImg,
0);
-
return histImg;
-
}
-
//计算直方图;
-
Mat Hist(const Mat& src)
-
{
-
Mat hist;
-
int bins=
256;
-
int histSize[] = {bins};
-
float range[] = {
0,
256};
-
const
float* ranges[] = {range};
-
int channels[] = {
0};
-
calcHist(&src,
1,channels,Mat(),hist,
1,histSize,ranges,
true,
false);
-
Mat histImg = drawHist(hist,bins,
200,Scalar(
255,
0,
0));
-
imshow(
"histRGB",histImg);
-
return hist;
-
}
-
//计算当前熵;
-
float calEntropy(const Mat& hist,int threshold)
-
{
-
float total_back=
0,total_object=
0;
-
float entropy_back=
0,entropy_object=
0;
-
float entropy =
0;
-
int i=
0;
-
-
const
float* hist_p = (
float*) hist.ptr<
float>(
0);
-
for (i=
0; i<threshold; i++)
-
{
-
total_back += hist_p[i];
-
}
-
total_object=total-total_back;
-
-
//背景熵;
-
for (i=
0; i<threshold; i++)
-
{
-
// if(hist_p[i]==0)
-
// continue;
-
float percentage = hist_p[i]/total_back;
-
entropy_back += -percentage * logf(percentage);
// 能量的定义公式
-
}
-
//前景熵;
-
for (i=threshold; i<hist.cols; i++)
-
{
-
// if(hist_p[i]==0)
-
// {
-
// continue;
-
// }
-
float percentage = hist_p[i]/total_object;
-
entropy_object += -percentage * logf(percentage);
// 能量的定义公式；
-
}
-
-
entropy = entropy_object+entropy_back;
-
return entropy;
-
}
-
-
void MaxEntropy(Mat img, Mat hist)
-
{
-
total = sum(hist)[
0];
-
float MaxEntropyValue =
0.0, MaxEntropyThreshold=
0.0;
-
float tmp;
-
for (
int i=
0; i<hist.cols; i++)
-
{
-
tmp = calEntropy(hist,i);
-
if(tmp>MaxEntropyValue)
-
{
-
MaxEntropyValue = tmp;
-
MaxEntropyThreshold = i;
-
}
-
}
-
threshold(img,img,MaxEntropyThreshold,
255,CV_THRESH_BINARY);
-
imshow(
"thresholdImg",img);
-
imwrite(
"D:/thresholdImg.png",img);
-
cout<<MaxEntropyThreshold<<
endl;
-
cout<<MaxEntropyValue<<
endl;
-
}
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
Mat src = imread(
"D:/test1.jpg",
0);
-
imshow(
"SRC",src);
-
Mat hist = Hist(src).t();
-
MaxEntropy(src, hist);
-
waitKey();
-
return
1;
-
}
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