30天学习C++从入门到入土 --- Day03

类和对象

基本概念

1. 类、对象、成员变量、成员函数
2. 类的基本特性:
   封装、继承、多态

类的封装

1. 把属性和方法进行封装

2. 对属性和方法进行控制

private
public 
protected

3.没有访问控制限定的成员变量 函数 默认是私有属性

4. 类的内部和类的外部

 public修饰成员变量和成员函数可以在类的内部和类的外部被访问
 private修饰成员变量和成员函数只能在类的内部被访问

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class myCircle
{
public:
	double getR()
	{
		return m_r;
	}
	void setR(double r)
	{
		m_r = r;
		//return m_r;
	}

	double getS()
	{
		m_s = 3.14 * m_r * m_r;
		return m_s;
	}
private:
	double m_r;
	double m_s;

};
//类和指针
//类做函数参数
//类封装了成员函数和成员变量
void printMyCircle01(myCircle* mpc)
{
	cout << "r:" << mpc->getR()<< endl;
	cout << "s:" << mpc->getS()<< endl;
}

//类和引用
void printMyCircle02(myCircle& mpc)
{
	cout << "r:" << mpc.getR() << endl;
	cout << "s:" << mpc.getS() << endl;
}

int main()
{
	myCircle c1, c2;
	//c1.m_r = 10;//私有成员外部不能直接访问
	c1.setR(10);
	cout << c1.getS() << endl;
	cout << endl;
	c1.setR(20);
	printMyCircle01(&c1);
	cout << endl;
	c1.setR(20);
	printMyCircle02(c1);

	return 0;
}

5. class 和 struct关键字的区别

在用struct定义类时，所有成员的默认属性为public
在用class定义类时，所有成员的默认属性为private

6. 类的声明和类的实现分开

类的声明
MyTeacher.h

#pragma once//只包含一次 防止重定义

//类的声明
class MyTeacher
{
public:
	void setAge(int age);
	int getAge();
private:
	int m_age;
};

类的实现
MyTeacher.cpp

#include "MyTeacher.h"

//类的实现
//类域作用符 也相当于写在了类的内部
void MyTeacher::setAge(int age)
{
	m_age = age;
}

int MyTeacher::getAge()
{
	return m_age;
}

MyMain.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include "MyTeacher.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	MyTeacher t;
	t.setAge(30);
	cout << t.getAge() << endl;

	return 0;
}

案例

1

设计立方体类(cube)，求出立方体的面积和体积
求两个立方体，是否相等（全局函数和成员函数）

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//设计立方体类(cube)，求出立方体的面积和体积
//比较立方体是否一样
class Cube 
{
private:
	int m_a;
	int m_b;
	int m_c;
	int m_v;
	int m_s;
public:
	void setABC(int a, int b, int c)
	{
		m_a = a;
		m_b = b;
		m_c = c;
	}

	int getA()
	{
		return m_a ;
	}
	int getB()
	{
		return m_b ;
	}
	int getC()
	{
		return m_c ;
	}

	int getS()
	{
		m_s = 2 * (m_a * m_b + m_a * m_c + m_b * m_c); 
		return m_s;
	}
	int getV()
	{
		m_v = m_a * m_b * m_c;
		return m_v;
	}
	//②
	//问题抛出 冗余
	int judge(Cube& c1, Cube& c2)
	{
		if ((c1.getA() == c2.getA()) &&
			(c1.getB() == c2.getB()) &&
			(c1.getC() == c2.getC()))
		{
			return 1;
		}
		else
		{
			return 0;
		}
	}
	//③
	int judge(Cube& c2)
	{
		//这里的m_a是调用它的对象的成员变量
		if( (m_a == c2.getA())&&
			(m_b == c2.getB())&&
			(m_c == c2.getC()))
		{
			return 1;
		}
		else
		{
			return 0;
		}
	}

};
//①全局函数
//1:same ;  0 : not same
int judge(Cube& c1, Cube& c2)
{
	if ((c1.getA() == c2.getA())&&
		(c1.getB() == c2.getB())&&
		(c1.getC() == c2.getC()))
	{
		return 1;
	}
	else
	{
		return 0;
	}
}

int main()
{
	Cube c1, c2;
	c1.setABC(1, 2, 3);
	c2.setABC(1, 2, 4);
	cout << c1.getS() << endl;
	cout << c1.getV() << endl;

	//②
	//冗余
	if (c1.judge(c1, c2) == 1)
	{
		cout << "same" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "not same" << endl;
	}

	//③
	if (c1.judge(c2) == 1)//通过c1对象的类 调用成员函数
	{
		cout << "same" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "not same" << endl;
	}

	//①
	if (judge(c1,c2) == 1)
	{
		cout << "调用全局变量 same" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "调用全局变量 not same" << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

2

设计一个圆形类（Circle），和一个点类（Point），计算点在圆内部还是圆外
即：求点和圆的关系（圆内和圆外）

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Point
{
private:
	int p_x;
	int p_y;
public:
	void setPoint(int x, int y)
	{
		p_x = x;
		p_y = y;
	}
	int getp_X()
	{
		return p_x;
	}
	int getp_Y()
	{
		return p_y;
	}
};

class Circle
{
private:
	int c_r;
	int c_x;
	int c_y;
public:
	void setCircle(int r, int x, int y)
	{
		c_x = x;
		c_y = y;
		c_r = r;
	}
	int getR()
	{
		return c_r;
	}
	int getc_X()
	{
		return c_x;
	}
	int getc_Y()
	{
		return c_y;
	}

	int judge(Point& p)
	{
		//计算两点之间的距离
		double a = abs((c_x - p.getp_X()) * (c_x - p.getp_X()) + (c_y - p.getp_Y()) * (c_y - p.getp_Y()));
		
		//1：点在圆内   0：点在圆外
		if (c_r >= a)
		{
			return 1;
		}
		else
		{
			return 0;
		}
	}
};


int main()
{
	Circle c;
	c.setCircle(10, 12,10);

	Point p;
	p.setPoint(10, 100);

	//1 面向对象
	if ((c.judge(p)) == 1)
	{
		cout << "点在圆内" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "点在圆外" << endl;
	}

	//2 
	double a = abs((c.getc_X() - p.getp_X()) * (c.getc_X() - p.getp_X()) + (c.getc_Y() - p.getp_Y()) * (c.getc_Y() - p.getp_Y()));

	if(c.getR() > a)
	{
		cout <<"点在圆内" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout <<"点在圆外"  << endl;
	}

	return 0;

}

3

把2中类的声明和实现分开

Circle.h

#pragma once
#include "Point.h"

class Circle
{
private:
	int c_r;
	int c_x;
	int c_y;
public:
	void setCircle(int r, int x, int y);
	int getR();
	int getc_X();
	int getc_Y();

	int judge(Point& p);

};

Circle.cpp

#include "Circle.h"
#include "Point.h"
#include<iostream>

void Circle::setCircle(int r, int x, int y)
{
	c_x = x;
	c_y = y;
	c_r = r;
}
int Circle::getR()
{
	return c_r;
}
int Circle::getc_X()
{
	return c_x;
}
int Circle::getc_Y()
{
	return c_y;
}

int Circle::judge(Point& p)
{
	//计算两点之间的距离
	double a = abs((c_x - p.getp_X()) * (c_x - p.getp_X()) + (c_y - p.getp_Y()) * (c_y - p.getp_Y()));

	//1：点在圆内   0：点在圆外
	if (c_r >= a)
	{
		return 1;
	}
	else
	{
		return 0;
	}
}

Point.h

#pragma once

class Point
{
private:
	int p_x;
	int p_y;
public:
	void setPoint(int x, int y);
	int getp_X();
	int getp_Y();
};

Point.cpp

#include "Point.h"

void Point::setPoint(int x, int y)
{
	p_x = x;
	p_y = y;
}
int Point::getp_X()
{
	return p_x;
}
int Point::getp_Y()
{
	return p_y;
}

main.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include "Circle.h"
#include "Point.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Circle c;
	c.setCircle(10, 12, 10);

	Point p;
	p.setPoint(10, 100);

	//1
	if ((c.judge(p)) == 1)
	{
		cout << "点在圆内" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "点在圆外" << endl;
	}

	return 0;

}