多线程4---多线程之间实现通讯原理

 

多线程之间如何实现通讯

什么是多线程之间通讯?

   多线程之间通讯,其实就是多个线程在操作同一个资源,但是操作的动作不同。

   画图演示

多线程之间通讯需求

  需求:第一个线程写入(input)用户,另一个线程取读取(out)用户.实现读一个,写一个操作。

 

 

代码实现基本实现

共享资源源实体类

class Res {

     public String userSex;

     public String userName;

}

 

输入线程资源

class IntThrad extends Thread {

     private Res res;

 

     public IntThrad(Res res) {

         this.res = res;

     }

 

     @Override

     public void run() {

         int count = 0;

         while (true) {

                   if (count == 0) {

                       res.userName = "余胜军";

                       res.userSex = "";

                   } else {

                       res.userName = "小紅";

                       res.userSex = "";

                   }

                   count = (count + 1) % 2;

              }

     }

}

 

输出线程

class OutThread extends Thread {

      private Res res;

 

      public OutThread(Res res) {

           this.res = res;

      }

 

      @Override

      public void run() {

           while (true) {

                      System.out.println(res.userName + "--" + res.userSex);

           }

      }

}

运行代码

Res res = new Res();

IntThrad intThrad = new IntThrad(res);

OutThread outThread = new OutThread(res);

intThrad.start();

outThread.start();

 

运行代码

注意:数据发生错乱,造成线程安全问题

解决线程安全问题

IntThrad 加上synchronized

class IntThrad extends Thread {

     private Res res;

 

     public IntThrad(Res res) {

         this.res = res;

     }

 

     @Override

     public void run() {

         int count = 0;

         while (true) {

              synchronized (res) {

                   if (count == 0) {

                       res.userName = "余胜军";

                       res.userSex = "";

                   } else {

                       res.userName = "小紅";

                       res.userSex = "";

                   }

                   count = (count + 1) % 2;

              }

 

         }

     }

}

输出线程加上synchronized

class Res {

     public String userName;

     public String sex;

}

 

class InputThread extends Thread {

     private Res res;

 

     public InputThread(Res res) {

         this.res = res;

     }

 

     @Override

     public void run() {

         int count = 0;

         while (true) {

               synchronized (res) {

              if (count == 0) {

                   res.userName = "余胜军";

                   res.sex = "";

              } else {

                   res.userName = "小红";

                   res.sex = "";

              }

              count = (count + 1) % 2;

         }

 

         }

     }

}

 

class OutThrad extends Thread {

     private Res res;

 

     public OutThrad(Res res) {

         this.res = res;

     }

 

     @Override

     public void run() {

         while (true) {

              synchronized (res) {

                   System.out.println(res.userName + "," + res.sex);

              }

         }

 

     }

}

 

public class ThreadDemo01 {

 

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         Res res = new Res();

         InputThread inputThread = new InputThread(res);

         OutThrad outThrad = new OutThrad(res);

         inputThread.start();

         outThrad.start();

     }

 

}

 

 

 

wait、notify方法

 

1.因为涉及到对象锁,他们必须都放在synchronized中来使用. Wait、Notify一定要在synchronized里面进行使用。

2.Wait必须暂定当前正在执行的线程,并释放资源锁,让其他线程可以有机会运行

3. notify/notifyall: 唤醒因锁池中的线程,使之运行

 

注意:一定要在线程同步中使用,并且是同一个锁的资源

 

class Res {

     public String userSex;

     public String userName;

     //线程通讯标识

     public boolean flag = false;

}

 

 

class IntThrad extends Thread {

     private Res res;

 

     public IntThrad(Res res) {

         this.res = res;       

     }

 

     @Override

     public void run() {

         int count = 0;

         while (true) {

              synchronized (res) {

                   if (res.flag) {

                       try {

                          // 当前线程变为等待,但是可以释放锁

                            res.wait();

                       } catch (Exception e) {

 

                       }

                   }

                   if (count == 0) {

                       res.userName = "余胜军";

                       res.userSex = "";

                   } else {

                       res.userName = "小紅";

                       res.userSex = "";

                   }

                   count = (count + 1) % 2;

                   res.flag = true;

                   // 唤醒当前线程

                   res.notify();

              }

 

         }

     }

}

 

class OutThread extends Thread {

      private Res res;

 

      public OutThread(Res res) {

           this.res = res;

      }

 

      @Override

      public void run() {

           while (true) {

                 synchronized (res) {

                      if (!res.flag) {

                            try {

                                  res.wait();

                            } catch (Exception e) {

                                  // TODO: handle exception

                            }

                       }

                      System.out.println(res.userName + "--" + res.userSex);

                      res.flag = false;

                      res.notify();

                 }

           }

      }

}

 

public class ThreaCommun {

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         Res res = new Res();

         IntThrad intThrad = new IntThrad(res);

         OutThread outThread = new OutThread(res);

         intThrad.start();

         outThread.start();

     }

}

 

wait与sleep区别

对于sleep()方法,我们首先要知道该方法是属于Thread类中的。而wait()方法,则是属于Object类中的。

sleep()方法导致了程序暂停执行指定的时间,让出cpu该其他线程,但是他的监控状态依然保持者,当指定的时间到了又会自动恢复运行状态。

在调用sleep()方法的过程中,线程不会释放对象锁。

而当调用wait()方法的时候,线程会放弃对象锁,进入等待此对象的等待锁定池,只有针对此对象调用notify()方法后本线程才进入对象锁定池准备

获取对象锁进入运行状态。

 

Lock锁

在 jdk1.5 之后,并发包中新增了 Lock 接口(以及相关实现类)用来实现锁功能,Lock 接口提供了与 synchronized 关键字类似的同步功能,但需要在使用时手动获取锁和释放锁。

Lock写法

Lock lock  = new ReentrantLock();

lock.lock();

try{

//可能会出现线程安全的操作

}finally{

//一定在finally中释放锁

//也不能把获取锁在try中进行,因为有可能在获取锁的时候抛出异常

  lock.ublock();

}

 

 

Lock与synchronized 关键字的区别

Lock 接口可以尝试非阻塞地获取锁 当前线程尝试获取锁。如果这一时刻锁没有被其他线程获取到,则成功获取并持有锁。
Lock 接口能被中断地获取锁 与 synchronized 不同,获取到锁的线程能够响应中断,当获取到的锁的线程被中断时,中断异常将会被抛出,同时锁会被释放。

Lock 接口在指定的截止时间之前获取锁,如果截止时间到了依旧无法获取锁,则返回。

Condition用法

 Condition的功能类似于在传统的线程技术中的,Object.wait()和Object.notify()的功能。

代码

Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

res. condition.await();  类似wait

res. Condition. Signal() 类似notify

 

class Res {

      public String userName;

      public String sex;

      public boolean flag = false;

      Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

}

 

class InputThread extends Thread {

      private Res res;

      Condition newCondition;

      public InputThread(Res res, Condition newCondition) {

           this.res = res;

           this.newCondition=newCondition;

      }

 

      @Override

      public void run() {

           int count = 0;

           while (true) {

                 // synchronized (res) {

 

                 try {

                      res.lock.lock();

                      if (res.flag) {

                            try {

//                                res.wait();

                                  newCondition.await();

                            } catch (Exception e) {

                                  // TODO: handle exception

                            }

                      }

                      if (count == 0) {

                            res.userName = "余胜军";

                            res.sex = "";

                      } else {

                            res.userName = "小红";

                            res.sex = "";

                      }

                      count = (count + 1) % 2;

                      res.flag = true;

//                     res.notify();

                      newCondition.signal();

                 } catch (Exception e) {

                      // TODO: handle exception

                 }finally {

                      res.lock.unlock();

                 }

           }

 

           // }

      }

}

 

class OutThrad extends Thread {

      private Res res;

      private Condition newCondition;

      public OutThrad(Res res,Condition newCondition) {

           this.res = res;

           this.newCondition=newCondition;

      }

 

      @Override

      public void run() {

           while (true) {

//               synchronized (res) {

                 try {

                      res.lock.lock();

                      if (!res.flag) {

                            try {

//                                res.wait();

                                  newCondition.await();

                            } catch (Exception e) {

                                  // TODO: handle exception

                            }

                      }

                      System.out.println(res.userName + "," + res.sex);

                      res.flag = false;

//                    res.notify();

                      newCondition.signal();

                 } catch (Exception e) {

                      // TODO: handle exception

                 }finally {

                      res.lock.unlock();

                 }

//               }

           }

 

      }

}

 

public class ThreadDemo01 {

 

      public static void main(String[] args) {

           Res res = new Res();

           Condition newCondition = res.lock.newCondition();

           InputThread inputThread = new InputThread(res,newCondition);

           OutThrad outThrad = new OutThrad(res,newCondition);

           inputThread.start();

           outThrad.start();

      }

 

}

 

 

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