图解python

开发环境
python 3.8
开发工具pycharm

1、print 输出
#输出数字
print(4)
#输出字符串
print(‘helloworld’)
#输出表达式
print(3*4)
print(‘a’*3)
#输出到文件
fp = open(‘d:/text.txt’,‘a+’)
print(‘hello python’, file = fp)
fp.close()
#输出多个值
print(‘c’,‘java’,‘python’)
2、转义字符
#\n换行
print(‘hello\npython’)
# \t 水平制表位
print(‘hello\tpython’)
print(‘java\tpython’)

#、\r回车
print(‘hello\rpython’)
# 显示python
#、\b 退格
print(‘hello\bpython’)
# 显示hellpython
#、反斜杠 \
print(‘http:\\baidu.com’)
#、 ’ 与 "
print(‘老实说：‘大家好’’)
#、如果不希望转义字符起作用在输出前面加上r
print(r’hello\npython’)
3、七十二变
3.1、保留字 ----》程序中不能使用
import keyword
print(keyword.kwlist)
[‘False’, ‘None’, ‘True’, ‘and’, ‘as’, ‘assert’, ‘async’, ‘await’, ‘break’, ‘class’, ‘continue’, ‘def’, ‘del’, ‘elif’, ‘else’, ‘except’, ‘finally’, ‘for’, ‘from’, ‘global’, ‘if’, ‘import’, ‘in’, ‘is’, ‘lambda’, ‘nonlocal’, ‘not’, ‘or’, ‘pass’, ‘raise’, ‘return’, ‘try’, ‘while’, ‘with’, ‘yield’]
3.2 变量的定义和使用

name = ‘瑪利亞’
print(“值”,name)
print(“标识符”,id(name))
print(“类型”,type(name))


3.3、变量的多次复制

name = ‘杨过’
print(“值”,name)
print(“标识符”,id(name))
print(“类型”,type(name))
name = ‘小龙女’
print(“值”,name)
print(“标识符”,id(name))
print(“类型”,type(name))

3.4 变量的数据类型
整数类型 --》 int --》 98
浮点型 --》 float – 》3.1415926
布尔型 --》 bool --》True Flase
字符型 --》 str --》 ‘abcd’

n1, n2, n3 = 90, -90, 0
print(n1, type(n1))
print(n2, type(n2))
print(n3, type(n3))


n1 = 4.2
n2 = 2.1
print(n1+n2)
from decimal import Decimal
print(Decimal(‘4.2’)+Decimal(‘2.1’))

n1 = True
n2 = False
print(n1, type(n1))
print(n2, type(n2))
print(‘------------------’)
print(n1+1)
print(n2+1)
或者
print(n1 == 1)
print(n2 == 0)

n1 = ‘是的发生地方啦水电费了解’
n2 = “是的发生地方啦水电费了解”
n3 = ‘’‘是的发生地
方啦水电费了解’‘’
n4 = “”“是的发生地方啦
水电费了解”“”
print(n1, type(n1))
print(n2, type(n2))
print(n3, type(n3))
print(n4, type(n4))

3.4 数据类型转换

age = 222
name = ‘python’
no = ‘10000’
float_num = 3.2
ff = True
print(“int转换成str”, str(age))
print(“float转换成str”, str(float_num))
print(“bool转换成str”, str(ff))
print(“str转换成int”, int(no))
print(“float转换成int”, int(float_num))
print(“bool转换成int”, int(ff))
print(“int转换成float”, float(age))
print(“str转换成float”, float(no))
print(“bool转换成float”, float(ff))

3.5 注释
#单行注释
‘’‘多行注释’‘’
“”“多行注释”“”
4、算你赢
4.1 、 input 用户端输入，输入内容为字符串

text = input(‘你多大了’)
print(text, type(text))

4.2 运算符


a = 7
b = 2
print(“加法运算：”, a+b)
print(“减法运算：”, a-b)
print(“乘法运算：”, a*b)
print(“除法运算：”, a/b)
print(“整除运算：”, a//b)
print(“取余运算：”, a%b)

print(-9//-4)
print(-9//4)
print(9//-2)

当有一个为负值这的话，你可以考虑9与-4的长度12然后在除以4

print(2**3) 幂运算 2的3次方8

4.3 赋值运算符

i = 3 + 4
print(i)
a = b = c = 20
print(a, id(a))
print(b, id(b))
print(c, id©)

a = b = c = 20
a += 2
print(a)
a -= 2
print(a)
a /= 2
print(a)
a //= 2
print(a)
a %= 2
print(a)

a, b, c = 20, 30, 40
print(a, id(a))
print(b, id(b))
print(c, id©)

a = b = 20
print(a > b)
print(a < b)
print(a >= b)
print(a <= b)
print(a == b) #比较value
print(a != b)
print(a is b) #比较的id
print(a is not b)
print(‘-----------’)
print(id(a), id(b))

a, b = 1, 2

and 并且 当两个结果都为True时结果为True

print(a == 1 and b == 2)
print(a == 1 and b == 1)
print(a == 2 and b == 1)
print(a == 2 and b == 2)

a, b = 1, 2

or 或者 当两个结果都为False时结果为False

print(a == 1 or b == 2)
print(a == 1 or b == 1)
print(a == 2 or b == 1)
print(a == 2 or b == 2)

a, b = 1, 2

not 取反

print(not True)
print(not False)

in

print(‘--------------in and not in-----------------------’)
print(‘w’ in ‘hellopython’)
print(‘o’ in ‘hellopython’)
print(‘w’ not in ‘hellopython’)
print(‘o’ not in ‘hellopython’)

a, b = 4, 8
print(a & b)

a, b = 4, 8
print(a | b)

a, b = 4, 8

向右移动1位

print(a >> 1)
#向左移动1位
print(a << 1)