一、定义
Future模式用来获取线程的执行结果。在Thread-Per-Message模式中,如果调用一个线程异步执行任务,没有办法获取到返回值,就像:
host.request(10,'A');
而Future模式送出请求后,马上就要获取返回值,就像:
Data data=host.request(10,'A');
但是上述的返回值并不是程序的执行结果,因为线程是异步的,主线程调用该该方法时,异步线程可能才刚刚启动。需要一段时间后像下面这样获取执行结果:
data.getContent();
二、模式案例
Data接口/实现:
public interface Data {
public abstract String getContent();
}
public class RealData implements Data {
private final String content;
public RealData(int count, char c) {
System.out.println(" making RealData(" + count + ", " + c + ") BEGIN");
char[] buffer = new char[count];
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
buffer[i] = c;
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
System.out.println(" making RealData(" + count + ", " + c + ") END");
this.content = new String(buffer);
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
}
public class FutureData implements Data {
private RealData realdata = null;
private boolean ready = false;
public synchronized void setRealData(RealData realdata) {
if (ready) {
return;
}
this.realdata = realdata;
this.ready = true;
notifyAll();
}
public synchronized String getContent() {
while (!ready) {
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
return realdata.getContent();
}
}
Host类:
public class Host {
public Data request(final int count, final char c) {
System.out.println(" request(" + count + ", " + c + ") BEGIN");
final FutureData future = new FutureData();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
RealData realdata = new RealData(count, c);
future.setRealData(realdata);
}
}.start();
System.out.println(" request(" + count + ", " + c + ") END");
return future;
}
}
执行:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main BEGIN");
Host host = new Host();
Data data1 = host.request(10, 'A');
Data data2 = host.request(20, 'B');
Data data3 = host.request(30, 'C');
System.out.println("main otherJob BEGIN");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("main otherJob END");
System.out.println("data1 = " + data1.getContent());
System.out.println("data2 = " + data2.getContent());
System.out.println("data3 = " + data3.getContent());
System.out.println("main END");
}
}
三、模式讲解
Future模式的角色如下:
Client(委托人)参与者
Client参与者会向Host参与者送出请求(request),Client参与者会马上得到VirtualData,作为请求结果的返回值。(案例中的Main类就是Client)
Host参与者
Host参与者接受请求(request),然后创建线程进行异步处理。Host参与者会立即返回Future(以VirturalData的形式)。
VirtualData(虚拟数据)参与者
VirtualData是用来统一代表Future参与者与RealData参与者。(案例中Data接口就是VirtualData参与者)
RealData(实际数据)参与者
RealData表示实际的数据。
Future参与者
Future参与者包含获取实际的数据和设置实际数据的方法。Host类会创建该对象,当异步线程处理完成时,会调用Future的设置数据的方法。