numpy随机函数

numpy随机函数

numpy的random子库下的随机函数

目录

• 1.rand
• 2.randn
• 3.randint
• 4.seed
• 5.shuffle
• 6.permutation
• 7.choice
• 8.uniform
• 9.normal
• 10.poisson

1.rand

rand是随机生成0~1间的数

import numpy as np

a = np.random.rand(3,4,5)
a

Out[24]: 
array([[[ 0.05264203,  0.77135103,  0.39844803,  0.63423337,  0.95030544],
        [ 0.53296936,  0.54940495,  0.8576418 ,  0.74994533,  0.40514132],
        [ 0.39233205,  0.16553792,  0.38658738,  0.23610075,  0.88490145],
        [ 0.0424519 ,  0.90977379,  0.42196034,  0.11599203,  0.24613255]],

       [[ 0.5738224 ,  0.23753014,  0.43827026,  0.29509809,  0.37022078],
        [ 0.96650836,  0.97909827,  0.76880287,  0.94782555,  0.24924757],
        [ 0.59571374,  0.17013425,  0.91762409,  0.00171431,  0.18229415],
        [ 0.61888901,  0.22581218,  0.43153159,  0.38375907,  0.75613752]],

       [[ 0.84475676,  0.02163288,  0.88988614,  0.01136896,  0.17098993],
        [ 0.91532591,  0.88403463,  0.63324186,  0.71577691,  0.07208857],
        [ 0.58328676,  0.95853235,  0.91042669,  0.31245884,  0.85970963],
        [ 0.12147907,  0.52869864,  0.59917159,  0.10043494,  0.3671587 ]]])

2.randn

randn是按照正态分布的特点生成随机数

sn = np.random.randn(3,4,5)
sn

Out[26]: 
array([[[ 0.23392058,  0.56810173,  0.07808279, -0.66913955,  1.60417157],
        [-0.12676697,  1.6127401 ,  0.64101265,  0.36979941, -0.82205561],
        [ 2.18564337, -1.90988757, -1.16970225,  0.27135946,  0.51510032],
        [ 0.67365435,  1.1772794 , -1.36251015,  0.25417482, -0.52221412]],

       [[-1.6532865 , -0.63458442,  0.53373936, -0.38657552, -0.13062583],
        [-0.77471447, -0.89519535, -1.39090452,  1.02563876,  0.07769467],
        [ 1.62532173,  0.25651162,  0.15851992, -0.42143294,  0.60057105],
        [-1.16098414, -0.32735729,  1.80220265,  0.01483692,  3.32443294]],

       [[-2.47463154, -1.00232746,  0.58410508, -0.49289054,  1.39070243],
        [-0.06172589, -0.88556799,  0.17307217,  1.17729613, -0.29747808],
        [-0.76346769, -1.52811156,  0.99343325, -0.05743596,  0.2848067 ],
        [-1.71415298,  0.98683116, -0.05011351,  0.09894812, -0.75880232]]])

3.randint

randint是生成随机整数

b = np.random.randint(100,200,(3,4))
b

Out[28]: 
array([[110, 160, 147, 144],
       [119, 195, 107, 111],
       [169, 188, 160, 126]])

4.seed函数

随机数种子seed，可以记住你生成的随机数，只要使用这个种子，就可以随机出一样的数据。

np.random.seed(10)
np.random.randint(100,200,(3,4))

Out[30]: 
array([[109, 115, 164, 128],
       [189, 193, 129, 108],
       [173, 100, 140, 136]])

np.random.seed(10)
np.random.randint(100,200,(3,4))

Out[32]: 
array([[109, 115, 164, 128],
       [189, 193, 129, 108],
       [173, 100, 140, 136]])

5.shuffle（a）函数

根据数组的第一轴进行随机排列，改变数组x。

a = np.random.randint(100,200,(3,4))
a

Out[35]: 
array([[116, 111, 154, 188],
       [162, 133, 172, 178],
       [149, 151, 154, 177]])

np.random.shuffle(a)
a

Out[37]: 
array([[116, 111, 154, 188],
       [149, 151, 154, 177],
       [162, 133, 172, 178]])

np.random.shuffle(a)
a

Out[39]: 
array([[162, 133, 172, 178],
       [116, 111, 154, 188],
       [149, 151, 154, 177]])

6.permutation(a)函数

根据数组的第一轴产生一个新的乱序数组，不改变数组x。
使用后可能并不会产生乱序。

a = np.random.randint(100,200,(3,4))
a

Out[41]: 
array([[113, 192, 186, 130],
       [130, 189, 112, 165],
       [131, 157, 136, 127]])

np.random.permutation(a)

Out[42]: 
array([[113, 192, 186, 130],
       [130, 189, 112, 165],
       [131, 157, 136, 127]])

np.random.permutation(a)

Out[43]: 
array([[131, 157, 136, 127],
       [113, 192, 186, 130],
       [130, 189, 112, 165]])

a

Out[44]: 
array([[113, 192, 186, 130],
       [130, 189, 112, 165],
       [131, 157, 136, 127]])

7.choice(a[,size,replace,p])函数

从一维数组中以概率P抽取元素（相当于给元素赋以权重），形成size形状数组，replace表示是否可以重用元素，默认False。

b = np.random.randint(100,200,(8,))
b

Out[48]: array([111, 117, 146, 107, 175, 128, 133, 184])

np.random.choice(b, (3,2),)

Out[49]: 
array([[146, 111],
       [111, 175],
       [128, 175]])

np.random.choice(b, (3,2),replace=False)

Out[50]: 
array([[117, 107],
       [175, 128],
       [146, 133]])

np.random.choice(b, (3,2),p=b/np.sum(b))

Out[51]: 
array([[184, 175],
       [184, 146],
       [117, 184]])

8.uniform（low,high,size）函数

产生具有均匀分布的数组，（起始值，结束值，形状）

u = np.random.uniform(0,10,(3,4))
u

Out[53]: 
array([[ 6.59036304,  5.95439605,  4.36353698,  3.56250327],
       [ 5.87130925,  1.49471337,  1.71238598,  3.97164523],
       [ 6.37951564,  3.72519952,  0.02406761,  5.48816356]])

9.normal（loc,scale,size)函数

产生具有正态分布的数组，（均值，标准差，形状）。正态分布是围绕某一均值，在特定方差下，一种随机变量的取值的空间可能。

n = np.random.normal(10,5,(3,4))
n

Out[55]: 
array([[ 13.57941572,   4.07115727,   6.81836048,   6.94593078],
       [  3.40304302,   7.19135792,  11.02692287,   5.23319662],
       [ 11.60758976,   2.39530663,  -0.80726459,  11.72656647]])

10.poisson（lam,size）函数

产生具有泊松分布的数组，（随机事件发生率，形状）