C++Prime 第五章

C++Prime 第五章

练习5.1

以分号结尾成为空语句,语法上需要一条语句,逻辑上不需要时.

练习5.2

用花括号括起来的语句语句,可以为空,称为复合语句,或者块.语法上需要一条语句,逻辑上需要多条语句时.

练习5.3 略

练习5.4

(a) while(string::iterator iter != s.end())  //iter未初始化直接用,while判断语句里不允许定义变量(for可以,while不可以!!!)

(b) while(bool status = find(word))   if(!status) {/*...*/}    //有问题,if永远不会被执行

练习5.5

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	const vector<string> score{ "F","D","C","B","A","A++" };
	cout << "Please enter a score:";
	
	string ans;
	int grade;
	cin >> grade;

	if (grade / 10 < 6)
		ans = score[0];
	else//及格了
	{
		ans = score[(grade - 50) / 10];
		if (grade != 100)
		{
			if (grade % 10 >= 7)//个位大于等于7,认为是该分段优秀学生
				ans += "+";
			else if (grade % 10 <= 3)//个位小于等于3,认为是该分段较差学生
				ans += "-";
			else
				;//空语句,不做改变,该分段普通学生
		}
		else
			;//空语句,100就是A++
	}
	cout << ans << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习5.6

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	const vector<string> score{ "F","D","C","B","A","A++" };
	cout << "Please enter a score:";
	
	string ans;
	int grade;
	cin >> grade;

	ans = grade / 10 < 6 ? score[0] : grade == 100 ? "A++" : grade % 10 >= 7 ? score[(grade - 50) / 10] + "+" : grade % 10 >= 3 ? score[(grade - 50) / 10]  : score[(grade - 50) / 10] + "-";
	cout << ans << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习5.7

(a) 缺少分号

(b) 缩进不帅,或者变成复合语句均符合答案

(c) if 语句里不能定义变量

(d) ival == 0

练习5.8

悬垂else:   if比else多,与  就近的   尚未匹配的   if语句匹配.

练习5.9

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	char alpha;
	int aCnt = 0, oCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iCnt = 0, uCnt = 0;
	int otherCnt = 0;
	while (cin >> alpha)
	{
		alpha = tolower(alpha);
		if (alpha == 'a')
			aCnt++;
		else if (alpha == 'o')
			oCnt++;
		else if (alpha == 'e')
			eCnt++;
		else if (alpha == 'i')
			iCnt++;
		else if (alpha == 'u')
			uCnt++;
		else
			otherCnt++;
	}
	cout << "a或者A有:" << aCnt << "个\n";
	cout << "o或者O有:" << oCnt << "个\n";
	cout << "e或者E有:" << eCnt << "个\n";
	cout << "i或者I有:" << iCnt << "个\n";
	cout << "u或者U有:" << uCnt << "个\n";
	cout << "共计有:" << aCnt + oCnt + eCnt + iCnt + uCnt << "个\n";
	return 0;
}

练习5.10

解法一:同上题.直接调用tolower函数.

解法二:每个if语句里判断一次,如if(c == 'a' || c == A") aCnt++;

解法三:switch语句里,大小写标签共用一段代码.如case 'a': case 'A': aCnt++;break;  

练习5.11

int  white_cnt = 0;

if(alpha == ' ' || alpha == '\t' || alpha == '\n')

    white_cnt++;

练习5.12

和上面一模一样.

练习5.13

(a)  break;

(b) switch内部的变量定义,不要初始化,非要初始化就加括号,缩小作用域.本体修改:

     case 1:

         int ix;

         ix = get_value(); 其余相同

(c) 表示范围时,写在一行,不可省略case.修改: case 1:case 3:case 5  类推.

(d) case标签必须是常量表达式.

练习5.14

 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int maxn = 0,tmpn = 0;
	string maxstr,tmp,pre;//tmp是当前处理子串,pre是上一个子串
	cin >> pre;//首先读取一个子串
	tmpn = 1;//目前子串数量为1
	maxn = 1;
	bool find = false;//未找到最大连续子串
	while (cin >> tmp)
	{
		if (tmp == pre)//是连续子串
			tmpn++;
		else
		{
			if (tmpn > maxn)//该子串出现次数大于当前最大的子串出现次数
			{   //更新数据
				maxn = tmpn;
				maxstr = pre;
				find = true;
			}
			tmpn = 1;//刷新子串出现次数和上一个子串
			pre = tmp;
		}
	}
	if (tmpn > maxn)//这里处理最后一个数据不会进入else的特殊情况
	{
		maxn = tmpn;
		maxstr = pre;
		find = true;
	}
	if (find)
		cout << maxstr << "出现了" << maxn << "次!\n";
	else
		cout << "未出现连续重复" << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习5.15

(a) 非必要的if语句判断

(b) ix未初始化,没有condition.

(c) ++sz ,中间不能有空格

练习5.16

具体情况具体选择

练习5.17

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	vector<int> vi1, vi2;
	int num;
	cout << "请输入第一组测试数据,以负数结束:\n";
	while (cin >> num && num >= 0)
		vi1.push_back(num);
	cout << "请输入第二组测试数据,以负数结束:\n";
	while (cin >> num && num >= 0)
		vi2.push_back(num);
	auto p1 = vi1.begin(), p2 = vi2.begin();
	for (; p1 != vi1.end() && p2 != vi2.end(); ++p1, ++p2)
		if (*p1 != *p2)
			break;
	if (p1 == vi1.end() || p2 == vi2.end())
		cout << "是前缀" << endl;
	else
		cout << "不是" << endl;

	return 0;
}

练习5.18

(a)花括号.                (b)while里不允许定义变量               (c)do里不要定义while会用到的变量

练习5.19

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	string s1, s2;
	cout << "Please enter two strings:" << endl;
	cin >> s1 >> s2;
	do
	{
		cout << (s1.size() < s2.size() ? s1 : s2) << endl;
		cout << "Please enter two strings:" << endl;
	} while (cin >> s1 >> s2);
	return 0;
}

 

练习5.20

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	string cur_word,pre_word;
	bool find = false;
	while (cin >> cur_word)
	{
		if (cur_word == pre_word)
		{
			find = true;
			break;
		}
		pre_word = cur_word;
	}
	cout << (find ? cur_word : "No word continuelly show." )<< endl;
	return 0;
}

练习5.21

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	string cur_word, pre_word;
	bool find = false;
	while (cin >> cur_word)
	{
		if (!isupper(cur_word[0]))
			continue;
		if (cur_word == pre_word)
		{
			find = true;
			break;
		}
		pre_word = cur_word;
	}
	cout << (find ? cur_word : "No word continuelly show.") << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习5.23

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int n1, n2;
	cout << "输入两个数字:" << endl;
	while (cin >> n1 >> n2)
	{
		if (n2 != 0)
		{
			cout << n1 << " 除以 "<<n2<<" = "<<n1 / n2 << endl;
			break;
		}
		else
			cout << "除数不能为0.继续输入两个数字:" << endl;
	}


	return 0;
}

练习5.24

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int n1, n2;
	cout << "输入两个数字:" << endl;
	cin >> n1 >> n2;
	
	if (n2 == 0)
		throw runtime_error("The divide can't be zero!\n");
	cout << n1 << " 除以 "<<n2<<" = "<<n1 / n2 << endl;
	
	return 0;
}

故意除数输入0,会显示有未经处理的运行时异常

练习5.25

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{

		int n1, n2;
		cout << "输入两个数字:" << endl;
		while (cin >> n1 >> n2)
		{
			try
			{
				if (n2 == 0)
					throw runtime_error("The divide can't be zero!\n");
				cout << n1 << " 除以 " << n2 << " = " << n1 / n2 << endl;
			}
			catch (runtime_error err)
			{
				cout << err.what() << "再次输入两个数:" << endl;
			}
		}
	return 0;
}