numpy&pandas的axis含义

axis示意图

axis=0为垂直轴，列方向操作
axis=1为水平轴，行方向操作

代码案例：

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

fruit = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(5,5),columns=['a','b','c','d','e'],index=['apple','banana','pear','watermelon','plum'])
fruit
Out[4]: 
                   a         b         c         d         e
apple       0.263318 -0.142616  1.700764 -0.989924  0.358090
banana      0.174014 -0.032459  1.139559  0.472635 -0.696391
pear       -0.040526  1.825527 -0.011210  0.150228  0.049517
watermelon -2.324992  1.163329  0.948518 -1.597433 -0.080771
plum       -1.203765 -1.083691 -0.425632  0.435009 -0.749044

# 第0轴 列方向汇总合计
fruit.sum(axis=0)
Out[5]: 
a   -3.131951
b    1.730090
c    3.351999
d   -1.529485
e   -1.118600
dtype: float64

#第1轴 行方向汇总合计
fruit.sum(axis=1)
Out[6]: 
apple         1.189632
banana        1.057358
pear          1.973536
watermelon   -1.891350
plum         -3.027123
dtype: float64

#第1轴方向 行方向
fruit.drop('a',axis=1)
Out[7]: 
                   b         c         d         e
apple      -0.142616  1.700764 -0.989924  0.358090
banana     -0.032459  1.139559  0.472635 -0.696391
pear        1.825527 -0.011210  0.150228  0.049517
watermelon  1.163329  0.948518 -1.597433 -0.080771
plum       -1.083691 -0.425632  0.435009 -0.749044

#第0轴方向 列方向
fruit.drop('apple',axis=0)
Out[8]: 
                   a         b         c         d         e
banana      0.174014 -0.032459  1.139559  0.472635 -0.696391
pear       -0.040526  1.825527 -0.011210  0.150228  0.049517
watermelon -2.324992  1.163329  0.948518 -1.597433 -0.080771
plum       -1.203765 -1.083691 -0.425632  0.435009 -0.749044