Python异常处理与内置异常(学习笔记)

异常处理与内置异常

student  = {'name': 'Peter', 'age': 20, 'scores': [99, 88, 77]}

#print(student['name'])
#print(student.get('name'))

name = studnet['Name']
#print(name)        #抛出KeyError异常

#print(student['scores'][3])        #IndexErroe错误、以上两个都是python内置的异常

try \ except

try:
    name = student['name']
   name = student['Name']
    print(name)
    last_score = student['score'][2]
   last_score = student['score'][3]
    print(last_score)
    x = 5
    z = x / 0
    print(z)

#知道单个错误
#except KeyError:
   #print('键错误!')
#except IndexErroe:
    # print('索引错误!')


#多个错误可以放进()
#except (KeyErroe, IndexError):
    # print('有键错误或索引错误')


#不知道发生什么错误用Exception
#except Exception:        #Exception异常类的基类
    # print('有错误！')




except ZerDivisionError as err:
         print(err)                                #显示原本错误信息
         print('除零错误')
        # raise                                #捕获到异常 并抛出 
else:
    print('没有异常发生时执行代码!')
-------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>x = o
>>>raise NameError
显示NameError异常信息

>>>raise NameError('人为抛出的异常')
NameError: 人为抛出的异常

try \ finally

x = 20

try:
    x += y
    print(x)
finally:                            #不管有没有遇到异常都执行finally内程序
    print('程序执行结束！')

f = open('data.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8')

try:
    txt = f.read{}
    print(txt)
except Exception:
    pass

finally:            #不管程序有没有异常文件都关闭、确保文件关闭
    f.close()