thread
C++ thread中最常用的两个函数是join和detach,怎么选择呢,简单来说,如果希望等待线程结束,用join,如果希望异步执行,且不等待执行结果,那么就用detach;thread_local可以简单理解为一个线程级别的全局变量;线程id在调试多线程程序时是非常有用的东西;
C++11本身没有提供线程池;可以参考第三方的实现:https://github.com/progschj/ThreadPool
#ifndef THREAD_POOL_H
#define THREAD_POOL_H
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <memory>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <future>
#include <functional>
#include <stdexcept>
class ThreadPool {
public:
ThreadPool(size_t);
template<class F, class... Args>
auto enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args)
-> std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type>;
~ThreadPool();
private:
// need to keep track of threads so we can join them
std::vector< std::thread > workers;
// the task queue
std::queue< std::function<void()> > tasks;
// synchronization
std::mutex queue_mutex;
std::condition_variable condition;
bool stop;
};
// the constructor just launches some amount of workers
inline ThreadPool::ThreadPool(size_t threads)
: stop(false)
{
for(size_t i = 0;i<threads;++i)
workers.emplace_back(
[this]
{
for(;;)
{
std::function<void()> task;
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->queue_mutex);
this->condition.wait(lock,
[this]{
return this->stop || !this->tasks.empty(); });
if(this->stop && this->tasks.empty())
return;
task = std::move(this->tasks.front());
this->tasks.pop();
}
task();
}
}
);
}
// add new work item to the pool
template<class F, class... Args>
auto ThreadPool::enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args)
-> std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type>
{
using return_type = typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type;
auto task = std::make_shared< std::packaged_task<return_type()> >(
std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...)
);
std::future<return_type> res = task->get_future();
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
// don't allow enqueueing after stopping the pool
if(stop)
throw std::runtime_error("enqueue on stopped ThreadPool");
tasks.emplace([task](){
(*task)(); });
}
condition.notify_one();
return res;
}
// the destructor joins all threads
inline ThreadPool::~ThreadPool()
{
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
stop = true;
}
condition.notify_all();
for(std::thread &worker: workers)
worker.join();
}
#endif
示例1
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
int main() {
std::atomic<int> num(0);
// int num = 0;
int count = 100000;
std::thread thread1([&](){
for(int i = 0; i < count; i++