Java事务提交失败_Java事务处理全解析（二）——失败的案例

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-21 11:15:00 发布

张友东

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-21 11:15:00 发布

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文章标签： Java事务提交失败

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42280315/article/details/114518305

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在本系列的上一篇文章中，我们讲到了Java事务处理的基本问题，并且讲到了Service层和DAO层，在本篇文章中，我们将以BankService为例学习一个事务处理失败的案例。

请通过以下方式下载github源代码：

git clone https://github.com/davenkin/java_transaction_workshop.git

BankService的功能为：某个用户有两个账户，分别为银行账户和保险账户，并且有各自的账户号，BankService的transfer方法从该用户的银行账户向保险账户转帐，两个DAO分别用于对两个账户表的存取操作。

定义一个BankService接口如下：

public interface BankService {

public void transfer(int fromId, int toId, int amount);

}

在两个DAO对象中，我们通过传入的同一个DataSource获得Connection，然后通过JDBC提供的API直接对数据库进行操作。

定义操作银行账户表的DAO类如下：

public class FailureBankDao {

private DataSource dataSource;

public FailureBankDao(DataSource dataSource) {

this.dataSource = dataSource;

}

public void withdraw(int bankId, int amount) throws SQLException {

Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();

PreparedStatement selectStatement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT BANK_AMOUNT FROM BANK_ACCOUNT WHERE BANK_ID = ?");

selectStatement.setInt(1, bankId);

ResultSet resultSet = selectStatement.executeQuery();

resultSet.next();

int previousAmount = resultSet.getInt(1);

resultSet.close();

selectStatement.close();

int newAmount = previousAmount - amount;

PreparedStatement updateStatement = connection.prepareStatement("UPDATE BANK_ACCOUNT SET BANK_AMOUNT = ? WHERE BANK_ID = ?");

updateStatement.setInt(1, newAmount);

updateStatement.setInt(2, bankId);

updateStatement.execute();

updateStatement.close();

connection.close();

}

FailureBankDao的withdraw方法，从银行账户表(BANK_ACCOUNT)中帐号为bankId的用户账户中取出数量为amount的金额。采用同样的方法，定义保险账户的DAO类如下：

public class FailureInsuranceDao {

private DataSource dataSource;

public FailureInsuranceDao(DataSource dataSource){

this.dataSource = dataSource;

}

public void deposit(int insuranceId, int amount) throws SQLException {

Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();

PreparedStatement selectStatement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT INSURANCE_AMOUNT FROM INSURANCE_ACCOUNT WHERE INSURANCE_ID = ?");

selectStatement.setInt(1, insuranceId);

ResultSet resultSet = selectStatement.executeQuery();

resultSet.next();

int previousAmount = resultSet.getInt(1);

resultSet.close();

selectStatement.close();

int newAmount = previousAmount + amount;

PreparedStatement updateStatement = connection.prepareStatement("UPDATE INSURANCE_ACCOUNT SET INSURANCE_AMOUNT = ? WHERE INSURANCE_ID = ?");

updateStatement.setInt(1, newAmount);

updateStatement.setInt(2, insuranceId);

updateStatement.execute();

updateStatement.close();

connection.close();

}

FailureInsuranceDao类的deposit方法向保险账户表(INSURANCE_ACCOUNT)存入amount数量的金额，这样在BankService中，我们可以先调用FailureBankDao的withdraw方法取出一定金额的存款，再调用FailureInsuranceDao的deposit方法将该笔存款存入保险账户表中，一切看似OK，实现BankService接口如下：

public class FailureBankService implements BankService{

private FailureBankDao failureBankDao;

private FailureInsuranceDao failureInsuranceDao;

private DataSource dataSource;

public FailureBankService(DataSource dataSource) {

this.dataSource = dataSource;

}

public void transfer(int fromId, int toId, int amount) {

Connection connection = null;

try {

connection = dataSource.getConnection();

connection.setAutoCommit(false);

failureBankDao.withdraw(fromId, amount);

failureInsuranceDao.deposit(toId, amount);

connection.commit();

} catch (Exception e) {

try {

assert connection != null;

connection.rollback();

} catch (SQLException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

} finally {

try

{

assert connection != null;

connection.close();

} catch (SQLException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

public void setFailureBankDao(FailureBankDao failureBankDao) {

this.failureBankDao = failureBankDao;

}

public void setFailureInsuranceDao(FailureInsuranceDao failureInsuranceDao) {

this.failureInsuranceDao = failureInsuranceDao;

}

在FailureBankService的transfer方法中，我们首先通过DataSource获得Connection，然后调用connection.setAutoCommit(false)已开启手动提交模式，如果一切顺利，则commit，如果出现异常，则rollback。接下来，开始测试我们的BankService吧。

为了准备测试数据，我们定义个BankFixture类，该类负责在每次测试之前准备测试数据，分别向银行账户(1111)和保险账户(2222)中均存入1000元。BankFixture还提供了两个helper方法(getBankAmount和getInsuranceAmount)帮助我们从数据库中取出数据以做数据验证。我们使用HSQL数据库的in-memory模式，这样不用启动数据库server，方便测试。BankFixture类定义如下：

public class BankFixture

{

protected final DataSource dataSource = DataSourceFactory.createDataSource();

@Before

public void setUp() throws SQLException

{

Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();

Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

statement.execute("DROP TABLE BANK_ACCOUNT IF EXISTS");

statement.execute("DROP TABLE INSURANCE_ACCOUNT IF EXISTS");

statement.execute("CREATE TABLE BANK_ACCOUNT (\n" +

"BANK_ID INT,\n" +

"BANK_AMOUNT INT,\n" +

"PRIMARY KEY(BANK_ID)\n" +

");");

statement.execute("CREATE TABLE INSURANCE_ACCOUNT (\n" +

"INSURANCE_ID INT,\n" +

"INSURANCE_AMOUNT INT,\n" +

"PRIMARY KEY(INSURANCE_ID)\n" +

");");

statement.execute("INSERT INTO BANK_ACCOUNT VALUES (1111, 1000);");

statement.execute("INSERT INTO INSURANCE_ACCOUNT VALUES (2222, 1000);");

statement.close();

connection.close();

}

protected int getBankAmount(int bankId) throws SQLException

{

Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();

PreparedStatement selectStatement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT BANK_AMOUNT FROM BANK_ACCOUNT WHERE BANK_ID = ?");

selectStatement.setInt(1, bankId);

ResultSet resultSet = selectStatement.executeQuery();

resultSet.next();

int amount = resultSet.getInt(1);

resultSet.close();

selectStatement.close();

connection.close();

return amount;

}

protected int getInsuranceAmount(int insuranceId) throws SQLException

{

Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();

PreparedStatement selectStatement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT INSURANCE_AMOUNT FROM INSURANCE_ACCOUNT WHERE INSURANCE_ID = ?");

selectStatement.setInt(1, insuranceId);

ResultSet resultSet = selectStatement.executeQuery();

resultSet.next();

int amount = resultSet.getInt(1);

resultSet.close();

selectStatement.close();

connection.close();

return amount;

}

编写的Junit测试继承自BankFixture类，测试代码如下：

public class FailureBankServiceTest extends BankFixture

{

@Test

public void transferSuccess() throws SQLException

{

FailureBankDao failureBankDao = new FailureBankDao(dataSource);

FailureInsuranceDao failureInsuranceDao = new FailureInsuranceDao(dataSource);

FailureBankService bankService = new FailureBankService(dataSource);

bankService.setFailureBankDao(failureBankDao);

bankService.setFailureInsuranceDao(failureInsuranceDao);

bankService.transfer(1111, 2222, 200);

assertEquals(800, getBankAmount(1111));

assertEquals(1200, getInsuranceAmount(2222));

}

@Test

public void transferFailure() throws SQLException

{

FailureBankDao failureBankDao = new FailureBankDao(dataSource);

FailureInsuranceDao failureInsuranceDao = new FailureInsuranceDao(dataSource);

FailureBankService bankService = new FailureBankService(dataSource);

bankService.setFailureBankDao(failureBankDao);

bankService.setFailureInsuranceDao(failureInsuranceDao);

int toNonExistId = 3333;

bankService.transfer(1111, toNonExistId, 200);

assertEquals(1000, getInsuranceAmount(2222));

assertEquals(800, getBankAmount(1111));

}

运行测试，第一个测试(transferSuccess)成功，第二个测试(transferFailure)失败。

分析错误，原因在于：我们分别从FailureBankService，FailureBankDao和FailureInsuranceDao中调用了三次dataSource.getConnection()，亦即我们创建了三个不同的Connection对象，而Java事务是作用于Connection之上的，所以从在三个地方我们开启了三个不同的事务，而不是同一个事务。

第一个测试之所以成功，是因为在此过程中没有任何异常发生。虽然在FailureBankService中将Connection的提交模式改为了手动提交，但是由于两个DAO使用的是各自的Connection对象，所以两个DAO中的Connection依然为默认的自动提交模式。

在第二个测试中，我们给出一个不存在的保险账户id(toNonExistId)，就是为了使程序产生异常，然后在assertion语句中验证两张表均没有任何变化，但是测试在第二个assertion语句处出错。发生异常时，银行账户中的金额已经减少，而虽然程序发生了rollback，但是调用的是FailureBankService中Connection的rollback，而不是FailureInsuranceDao中Connection的，对保险账户的操作根本就没有执行，所以保险账户中依然为1000，而银行账户却变为了800。

因此，为了使两个DAO在同一个事务中，我们应该在整个事务处理过程中使用一个Connection对象，在下一篇文章中，我们将讲到通过共享Connection对象的方式达到事务处理的目的。

张友东

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Java事务提交失败_Java事务处理全解析（二）——失败的案例

在本系列的上一篇文章中，我们讲到了Java事务处理的基本问题，并且讲到了Service层和DAO层，在本篇文章中，我们将以BankService为例学习一个事务处理失败的案例。请通过以下方式下载github源代码：git clone https://github.com/davenkin/java_transaction_workshop.gitBankService的功能为：某个用户有两个账户，...
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