自我记录：Python学习之OpenCV 02 像素点的遍历

首先是一段获取自己电脑摄像头的代码，可以按esc退出

def video_demo():
    capture=cv.VideoCapture(0)
    while True:
        ret,frame=capture.read()
        frame=cv.flip(frame,-1)
        cv.imshow("video",frame)
        c=cv.waitKey(50)
        if c==27:
            break

0为笔记本电脑摄像头，如果想要读取视频，可以换为视频目录，但是无声

接着获得图片的大小，像素点数，位数，opencv读取图片后的格式，遍历图片像素点获取BGR值

def get_image(image):

    print(image.shape)
    print(image.size)
    print(image.dtype)
    print(type(image))

    for x in range(image.shape[0]):
        for y in range(image.shape[1]):
            for z in range(image.shape[2]):
                pr=image[x,y]
    # 得到BGR值
    print(pr)

结果为

(512, 510, 3)
783360
uint8
<class ‘numpy.ndarray’>
[ 97 102 133]

此方法不能用于灰度图，因为灰度图只有一个通道
但是如果直接读取灰度图，调用此函数

grey=cv.imread("./patrick_grey.jpg")
get_image(grey)

输出为
(512, 510, 3)
783360
uint8
<class ‘numpy.ndarray’>
[111 111 111]

此灰度图也是3通道的，原因在于imread 的flag参数

//! Imread flags
enum ImreadModes {
       IMREAD_UNCHANGED            = -1, //!< If set, return the loaded image as is (with alpha channel, otherwise it gets cropped).
       IMREAD_GRAYSCALE            = 0,  //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image.
       IMREAD_COLOR                = 1,  //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image.
       IMREAD_ANYDEPTH             = 2,  //!< If set, return 16-bit/32-bit image when the input has the corresponding depth, otherwise convert it to 8-bit.
       IMREAD_ANYCOLOR             = 4,  //!< If set, the image is read in any possible color format.
       IMREAD_LOAD_GDAL            = 8,  //!< If set, use the gdal driver for loading the image.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_2  = 16, //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/2.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_2      = 17, //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/2.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_4  = 32, //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/4.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_4      = 33, //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/4.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_8  = 64, //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/8.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_8      = 65, //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/8.
       IMREAD_IGNORE_ORIENTATION   = 128 //!< If set, do not rotate the image according to EXIF's orientation flag.
     };

默认为1时，会读取3通道BGR格式，可设置为-1，就会按原样返回读取图片的格式

grey=cv.imread("./patrick_grey.jpg",-1)
get_image(grey)

(512, 510)
261120
uint8
<class ‘numpy.ndarray’>

遍历像素点并取反，并且计算程序运行时间

def get_image(image):

    print(image.shape)
    print(image.size)
    print(image.dtype)
    print(type(image))

    for x in range(image.shape[0]):
        for y in range(image.shape[1]):
            for z in range(image.shape[2]):
                image[x,y,z]=255-image[x,y,z]
	cv.imshow("pixel_image",image)

t1=cv.getTickCount()
get_image(src)
t2=cv.getTickCount()

# 获取运行时间
time=(t2-t1)/cv.getTickFrequency()*1000
print("time:",time)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

运行结果：
(512, 510, 3)
783360
uint8
<class ‘numpy.ndarray’>
time: 2813.6195000000002

原图：

像素变化后：

其实像素点的取反可以直接使用cv2.bitwise_not(image)进行