oracle insert指定分区,ORACLE 区间分区(Interval Partitioning)

11g在分区上有了很大的改进，其中有一个特性是Interval-Partition，他是range分区的派生，自动创建指定间隔的分区。

在 11g 之前，如果数据中出现未能匹配分区条件的情况，系统会拒绝进行数据操作。

对时间类型和数字类型的支持：

1.对于采用date类型或TIMESTAMP类型的Interval Partitioning可以支持按year、month、day、hour、minute、second六种类型的定长宽度分区，分别通过如下函数转换

numtoyminterval ( n, { 'YEAR'|'MONTH'})

numtodsinterval ( n, { 'DAY'|'HOUR'|'MINUTE'|'SECOND'})

2. Interval (number) 即多少值一个分区

创建示例

1.时间类型

--创建表

SQL> CREATE TABLE cai.intervalpart1 (c1 NUMBER, c2 DATE)

2  PARTITION BY RANGE (c2)

3     INTERVAL ( NUMTOYMINTERVAL (1, 'MONTH') )

4     (PARTITION part1

5         VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE ('02/01/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'))

6    );

Table created.

--查询只有一个分区

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, HIGH_VALUE

2    from dba_tab_partitions t

3   where table_name = 'INTERVALPART1';

TABLE_NAME       PARTITION_NAME           HIGH_VALUE

---------------- -----------------         -------------------------------------------------------

INTERVALPART1       PART1                 TO_DATE(' 2013-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA

--增加2行记录一行是2月份的，一行是1月份的

SQL>   insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,TO_DATE ('02/02/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'));

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,TO_DATE ('01/01/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'));

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL>

SQL>   Select Count(1) From cai.intervalpart1;

COUNT(1)

----------

2

--增加了2月份的分区

SQL>

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, HIGH_VALUE

2    from dba_tab_partitions t

3   where table_name = 'INTERVALPART1';

TABLE_NAME      PARTITION_NAME    HIGH_VALUE

-------------- ----------------- -------------------------------------------------------------

INTERVALPART1        PART1        TO_DATE(' 2013-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA

INTERVALPART1        SYS_P105     TO_DATE(' 2013-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA

--插入当前时间的分区

SQL>  insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

--又有一个分区新建了，如果插入的时间在两个月以后或者更久，则Oracle只生成必须的分区，并不会生成连续分区。

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, HIGH_VALUE

2    from dba_tab_partitions t

3   where table_name = 'INTERVALPART1';

TABLE_NAME         PARTITION_NAME    HIGH_VALUE

----------------- ---------------    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

INTERVALPART1      PART1             TO_DATE(' 2013-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA

INTERVALPART1      SYS_P105          TO_DATE(' 2013-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA

INTERVALPART1      SYS_P106          TO_DATE(' 2013-06-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA

SQL>

配置多个表空间的分区存储 --会循环不断往这几个表空间插入(随机插入某个表空间)

create  tablespace tablespace1 datafile '+DATA' size 10m autoextend on;

create  tablespace tablespace2 datafile '+DATA' size 10m autoextend on;

create  tablespace tablespace3 datafile '+DATA' size 10m autoextend on;

create  tablespace tablespace4 datafile '+DATA' size 10m autoextend on;

create  tablespace tablespace5 datafile '+DATA' size 10m autoextend on;

alter table cai.intervalpart1 set STORE IN (tablespace1,tablespace2,tablespace3,tablespace4,tablespace5);

insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,TO_DATE ('04/04/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'));

insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,TO_DATE ('05/05/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'));

insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,TO_DATE ('06/06/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'));

insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,TO_DATE ('07/07/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'));

insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,TO_DATE ('08/08/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'));

insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,TO_DATE ('09/08/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'));

insert into cai.intervalpart1 values (1,TO_DATE ('10/08/2013', 'MM/DD/YYYY'));

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, HIGH_VALUE,TABLESPACE_NAME

2   from dba_tab_partitions t

3   where table_name = 'INTERVALPART1';

TABLE_NAME      PARTITION_NAME       HIGH_VALUE                                                                                           TABLESPACE_NAME

--------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------

INTERVALPART1   SYS_P908             TO_DATE(' 2013-11-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     TABLESPACE5

INTERVALPART1   SYS_P907             TO_DATE(' 2013-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     TABLESPACE4

INTERVALPART1   SYS_P906             TO_DATE(' 2013-09-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     TABLESPACE3

INTERVALPART1   SYS_P905             TO_DATE(' 2013-08-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     TABLESPACE2

INTERVALPART1   SYS_P904             TO_DATE(' 2013-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     TABLESPACE1

INTERVALPART1   SYS_P903             TO_DATE(' 2013-06-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     TABLESPACE5

INTERVALPART1   SYS_P902             TO_DATE(' 2013-05-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     TABLESPACE4

INTERVALPART1   SYS_P901             TO_DATE(' 2015-11-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     USERS

INTERVALPART1   SYS_P881             TO_DATE(' 2013-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     USERS

INTERVALPART1   PART1                TO_DATE(' 2013-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA                     USERS

2.数字类型

----创建表

SQL> CREATE TABLE cai.intervalpart2 (c1 NUMBER, c2 DATE)

2   PARTITION BY RANGE (c1)

3     INTERVAL (100)

4      (PARTITION part1

5          VALUES LESS THAN (100)

6    );

Table created.

--查询只有一个分区

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, HIGH_VALUE

2     from dba_tab_partitions t

3    where table_name = 'INTERVALPART2';

TABLE_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME                 HIGH_VALUE

------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------------

INTERVALPART2                  PART1                          100

SQL>

--增加2行记录一行是1，一行是101

SQL> insert into  cai.intervalpart2 values (1,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into  cai.intervalpart2 values (101,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL>

SQL>  Select Count(1) From  cai.intervalpart2;

COUNT(1)

----------

2

--增加了101的分区

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, HIGH_VALUE

2  from dba_tab_partitions t

3  where table_name = 'INTERVALPART2';

TABLE_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME                 HIGH_VALUE

------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------------------

INTERVALPART2                  PART1                          100

INTERVALPART2                  SYS_P107                       200

--插入1101数值的分区

SQL>  insert into  cai.intervalpart2 values (1101,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

--又有一个分区新建了，如果插入的数值是差别很大或者更久，则Oracle只生成必须的分区，并不会生成连续分区。

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, HIGH_VALUE

2  from dba_tab_partitions t

3  where table_name = 'INTERVALPART2';

TABLE_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME                 HIGH_VALUE

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------

INTERVALPART2                  PART1                          100

INTERVALPART2                  SYS_P107                       200

INTERVALPART2                  SYS_P108                       1200

管理：

1.自动分区与自动分区的转换

--创建普通分区表

SQL> CREATE TABLE cai.intervalpart3 (c1 NUMBER, c2 DATE)

2         PARTITION BY RANGE (c1)

3         (PARTITION part1 VALUES LESS THAN (100)

4  );

Table created.

SQL>  insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (1,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

--当插入超出值时会报错

SQL>  insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (101,sysdate);

insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (101,sysdate)

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-14400: inserted partition key does not map to any partition

--设置100数值为分区

SQL> alter table  cai.intervalpart3 set INTERVAL(100);

Table altered.

--插入成功

SQL> insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (101,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

--新生成分区

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, HIGH_VALUE

2    from dba_tab_partitions t

3   where table_name = 'INTERVALPART3';

TABLE_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME                 HIGH_VALUE

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------------------

INTERVALPART3                  PART1                          100

INTERVALPART3                  SYS_P109                       200

SQL>

SQL>

--也可以设置个更高的值

SQL> alter table  cai.intervalpart3 set INTERVAL(300);

Table altered.

--插入数据

SQL> insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (201,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL>  insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (401,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (501,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (601,sysdate);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

--更改的值生效，之前的分区不影响。

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, HIGH_VALUE

2    from dba_tab_partitions t

3   where table_name = 'INTERVALPART3';

TABLE_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME                 HIGH_VALUE

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------

INTERVALPART3                  PART1                          100

INTERVALPART3                  SYS_P109                       200

INTERVALPART3                  SYS_P110                       500

INTERVALPART3                  SYS_P111                       800

SQL>

--关闭自动分区

SQL> alter table  cai.intervalpart3 set INTERVAL();

Table altered.

--插入数据不成功

SQL>  insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (801,sysdate);

insert into  cai.intervalpart3 values (801,sysdate)

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-14400: inserted partition key does not map to any partition

2.配置多个表空间的分区存储

alter table cai.intervalpart3 set STORE IN (tablespace1, tablespace2, tablespace3);

这3个表空间，分区会循环分配到这3个表空间。

3. rename 分区名

分区：

alter table cai.INTERVALPART3  rename partition SYS_P109 to part2;

子分区：

alter table cai.INTERVALPART3  rename partition SYS_P109 to part2;